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to bring down an agreement

Толкование Перевод

1 agreement

n

1) соглашение, договор; контракт

2) согласие; договоренность

•

to abandon an agreement — отказываться от ранее заключенного соглашения

to abide by the terms of an agreement — соблюдать / выполнять условия соглашения, придерживаться условий соглашения

to abrogate an agreement — расторгать соглашение

to accede to an agreement — присоединяться к соглашению

to accept an agreement — соглашаться с условиями заключенного соглашения

to achieve an agreement — приходить к соглашению

to act in flagrant violation of the agreement — грубо нарушать условия соглашения

to adhere to an agreement — выполнять / соблюдать соглашение, придерживаться условий соглашения

to announce a measure of agreement with smb — объявлять о достижении определенной степени согласия / договоренности с кем-л.

to annul an agreement — расторгать соглашение

to arrange an agreement — добиваться соглашения

to arrive at / to attain an agreement — приходить к соглашению, достигать соглашения

to back out of an agreement — уклоняться от выполнения соглашения

to be close to agreement — быть близким к достижению соглашения

to be committed to an agreement — быть связанным соглашением

to be covered by an agreement — подпадать под действие соглашения

to be in agreement with smb about smth — соглашаться с кем-л. в отношении чего-л.; быть единого мнения с кем-л. о чем-л.

to be in contravention of an agreement — противоречить соглашению / условиям соглашения

to be opposed to an agreement — выступать против соглашения

to be party to an agreement — быть участником соглашения

to be solidly behind the agreement — единодушно поддерживать соглашение

to be tied in to an agreement — быть связанным соглашением

to block an agreement — мешать достижению соглашению

to breach / to break an agreement — нарушать соглашение

to bring an agreement to fruition — добиваться выполнения соглашения

to bring down an agreement — положить конец действию соглашения

to build an agreement — достигать договоренности

to cancel an agreement — аннулировать соглашение

to carry out an agreement — выполнять соглашение

to circumvent an agreement — 1) обходить соглашение 2) срывать выполнение соглашения

to clinch an agreement — сделать решающий шаг к заключению соглашения

to come to an agreement — приходить к соглашению

to comply with an agreement to the letter — неукоснительно соблюдать условия соглашения

to conclude an agreement — заключать соглашение

to contravene an agreement — 1) нарушать соглашение 2) противоречить соглашению

to declare an agreement null and void — признавать соглашение недействительным

to defy an agreement — игнорировать соглашение

to delay an agreement — затягивать достижение соглашения

to denounce an agreement — денонсировать соглашение

to derail an agreement — срывать соглашение

to disparage an agreement — принижать значение соглашения

to draft an agreement — вырабатывать соглашение

to draw up an agreement — подготавливать проект соглашения

to edge towards an agreement — постепенно приближаться к достижению соглашения

to end without agreement — заканчиваться без достижения согласия

to endorse an agreement — подписывать соглашение

to enter into an agreement — заключать соглашение / договор

to express agreement — выражать согласие

to extend an agreement — продлевать срок действия соглашения, пролонгировать соглашение

to extract agreement from smb — добиваться согласия от кого-л.

to finalize an agreement — завершать подготовку текста и подписывать соглашение

to find oneself in full agreement about smth — обнаруживать полное единство взглядов по какому-л. вопросу

to follow an agreement to the letter — скрупулезно выполнять соглашение

to follow through an agreement — выполнять соглашение

to follow up the agreement — последовательно проводить соглашение в жизнь

to free oneself from an agreement — выходить из соглашения

to frustrate an agreement — срывать выполнение соглашения

to fulfil an agreement — выполнять соглашение

to get agreement — добиваться согласия

to go back on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, отказываться от выполнения соглашения

to hail an agreement — приветствовать заключение соглашения

to hammer out an agreement — вырабатывать соглашение

to hold to an agreement — придерживаться условий соглашения

to hold up an agreement — приостанавливать действие соглашения

to honor an agreement — соблюдать соглашение

to implement an agreement — выполнять соглашение

to impose an agreement on smb — навязывать соглашение кому-л.

to inch slowly towards an agreement — медленно продвигаться к достижению соглашения

to initial an agreement — парафировать соглашение

to keep an agreement — соблюдать соглашение

to kill an agreement — срывать выполнение соглашения

to lead to agreement — приводить к согласию

to leave the agreement in tatters — перен. не оставить камня на камне от соглашения

to maintain an agreement — придерживаться условий соглашения

to make an agreement — заключать соглашение

to modify an agreement — изменять условия соглашения

to monitor an agreement — следить за выполнением соглашения

to nail down an agreement — обеспечивать достижение соглашения

to negotiate an agreement — вести переговоры о заключении соглашения

to observe an agreement — соблюдать соглашение; выполнять условия соглашения

to obstruct progress towards an agreement — препятствовать достижению соглашения; затруднять достижение соглашения

to outline a series of agreements — намечать в общих чертах ряд соглашений

to oversee an agreement — следить за выполнением соглашения

to participate in an agreement — быть участником соглашения

to pave the way towards further agreements — открывать путь к заключению / достижению новых соглашений

to police an agreement — контролировать ход выполнения соглашения

to produce an agreement — вырабатывать соглашение

to prolong an agreement — продлевать срок действия соглашения

to publish an agreement — опубликовывать текст соглашения

to pull out of an agreement — выходить из числа участников соглашения

to pursue an agreement — добиваться согласия

to put an agreement in jeopardy — ставить соглашение под угрозу

to ratify an agreement — ратифицировать соглашение

to reach agreement on smth — достигать согласия / договариваться по какому-л. вопросу

to reactivate an agreement — реанимировать соглашение

to re-examine the agreement — пересматривать условия соглашения

to renege on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, уклоняться от выполнения соглашения

to repudiate an agreement — отвергать соглашение, отказываться от ранее заключенного соглашения

to respect an agreement — соблюдать соглашение

to review / to revoke an agreement — пересматривать соглашение

to sabotage an agreement — срывать / саботировать выполнение соглашения

to satisfy an agreement — выполнять свои обязательства по соглашению

to scrap an agreement — расторгать соглашение

to scuttle an agreement — уклоняться от выполнения соглашения

to search for an agreement — стремиться к достижению соглашения

to secure an agreement — добиваться соглашения, обеспечивать заключение соглашения

to seek an agreement — 1) добиваться заключения соглашения 2) добиваться согласия / договоренности

to set the seal on an agreement — официально одобрять соглашение

to sign an agreement — подписывать соглашение

to signal one's agreement — заявлять о своем согласии

to smooth the way for an agreement — готовить почву для заключения соглашения

to speed up an agreement — ускорять заключение соглашения

to stick to an agreement — придерживаться условий соглашения

to stipulate smth by an agreement — обуславливать что-л. соглашением

to strengthen the agreement — подкреплять соглашение (чем-л.)

to strike an agreement — заключать соглашение

to strive for agreement — стремиться к достижению согласия

to submit an agreement to the government for endorsement — предоставлять текст соглашения на утверждение правительства

to supervise an agreement — наблюдать за выполнением соглашения

to terminate an agreement — прекращать действие соглашения

to thrash out an agreement — выработать соглашение

to thwart / to torpedo an agreement — срывать выполнение соглашения

to translate an agreement into concrete measures — претворять соглашение в жизнь

to undermine existing agreements — подрывать существующие соглашения

to verify an agreement — проверять соблюдение соглашения

to violate an agreement — нарушать соглашение

to walk away from an agreement — отходить от соглашения

to water down an agreement — ослаблять условия соглашения

to welcome an agreement — приветствовать заключение соглашения

to work for an agreement — добиваться соглашения

to work out an agreement — разрабатывать соглашение

to wreck an agreement — срывать соглашение, мешать заключению соглашения

- agreement expires
- agreement fell flat
- agreement has broken down
- agreement has come into operation
- agreement in force
- agreement in principle
- agreement is effective
- agreement is in danger of collapse
- agreement is in force
- agreement is subject to approval by the General Assembly
- agreement is to come into effect on August 20
- agreement is unlikely to stock
- agreement is up for renewal
- agreement on a framework of withdrawal
- agreement on a partial pullout of troops
- agreement on all points
- agreement on limiting nuclear weapons
- agreement under negotiation
- agreement will hold
- agreement worth $...
- agreements of wages, hours and working conditions
- allied agreements
- arbitration agreement
- architect of an agreement
- armistice agreement
- arms agreement
- arms control agreement
- as a precursor to any kind of an agreement
- as part of the agreement
- avoidance of an agreement
- back-to-work agreement
- barter agreement
- basic agreement
- behind-the-scenes agreement
- bilateral agreement
- binding agreement
- branch agreements
- breach of the peace agreement
- broad agreement
- by mutual agreement
- cartel agreement
- cease-fire agreement
- clearing agreement
- collective agreement
- commercial agreement
- commodity agreement
- compensation agreement
- complete agreement on all major items
- comprehensive agreement
- compromise agreement
- conclusion of an agreement
- consensus agreement
- consular agreement
- contractual agreement
- conventional arms agreement
- cooperation agreement
- credit agreements
- cultural exchange agreement
- currency-credit agreements
- current agreement
- disarmament agreement
- disengagement agreement
- draft agreement
- durable agreement
- duration of an agreement
- economic agreement
- enslaving agreement
- enthralling agreement
- entry of an agreement into force
- equal party to the agreement
- equitable agreement
- executive agreement
- expiration of an agreement
- face-saving agreement
- far-reaching agreement
- fettering agreement
- final agreement
- final print of an agreement
- financial agreement
- foreign investment agreement
- formal agreement
- Four-Power Agreement on West Berlin
- framework agreement
- free trade agreement
- GATT
- General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
- general agreement
- Geneva Agreements
- gentleman's agreement
- historic agreement
- immigration agreement
- impediment to an agreement
- in accordance with the agreement achieved
- in circumvention of the agreement
- in conformity with the terms of agreements
- in contravention of the agreement
- in line with the agreement
- in the absence of a special agreement
- in the wake of the agreement
- inconsistent with the agreement
- indemnification agreement
- inequitable agreement
- INF Agreement
- informal agreement
- initial agreement
- installment agreement
- instalment agreement
- interagency agreement
- interdepartmental agreement
- intergovernmental agreement
- interim agreement
- interlocking set of agreements
- Intermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement
- international agreement
- international fisheries agreement
- interstate agreement
- labor agreement
- landmark agreement
- large measure of agreement between...
- last-in-first-out redundancy agreement
- last-minute agreement
- lend-lease agreement
- license agreement
- licensing agreement
- long-awaited agreement
- long-term agreement
- major agreement
- marketing agreement
- market-sharing agreement
- measure of agreement between smb
- military agreement
- military-political agreement
- model agreement
- monetary agreement
- multilateral agreement
- multipartite agreement
- multipurpose international agreement
- mutual agreement
- national agreement
- nonaggression agreement
- nonattack agreement
- nonbelligerency agreement
- noncompliance with the agreement
- North American Free Trade Agreement
- no-strike agreement
- observance of the agreement
- on the brink of an agreement
- on the verge of an agreement
- onerous agreement
- on-site monitoring agreement
- outline agreement
- overall agreement
- package agreement
- patent agreement
- payments agreement
- peace agreement
- pending the coming into force of the agreement
- permanent agreement
- personal training agreement
- political agreement
- power-sharing agreement
- preliminary agreement
- procedural agreement
- progress toward a concerted agreement
- progress toward mutually acceptable agreement
- prolongation of an agreement
- prospect of an agreement
- provided by the agreement
- provision of an agreement
- provisional agreement
- quadripartite agreement
- reciprocal agreement
- regional agreement
- repatriation agreement
- safeguards agreement
- scientific and technical cooperation agreement
- search for a generally acceptable agreement
- secret agreement
- separate agreement
- short-term agreement
- show-piece of an agreement
- signs for agreement
- solid agreement
- solvent feature of the agreement
- special agreement
- special service agreement
- specific agreement
- standstill agreement
- starting-point of an agreement
- stipulated by the following article of the agreement
- strike-free agreement
- subject of an agreement
- subject to agreement
- subsidiary agreement
- substantive agreement
- superpower agreement
- tacit agreement
- tariff agreement
- technical agreement
- tentative agreement
- termination of agreement
- terms of an agreement

- trade agreement
- trade and credit agreement
- trade and economic agreement
- trade-and-payments agreement
- tripartite agreement
- troop-withdrawal agreement
- trusteeship agreement
- umbrella agreement
- under the agreement
- unequal agreement
- unratified agreement
- unspoken agreement
- UN-sponsored agreement
- unwritten agreement
- verbal agreement
- verifiable agreement
- viable agreement
- voluntary price restraint agreement
- wide-ranging agreements
- working agreement
- written agreement
- zero-zero agreement

Politics english-russian dictionary > agreement
2 down

down

1. down [daʊn] adv

1) (in/ to a lower position) hinunter, hinab;

( towards sb) herunter, herab;

the baby falls \down constantly das Baby fällt ständig hin;

get \down off that table! komm sofort von diesem Tisch herunter!;

the leaflet slipped \down behind the wardrobe die Broschüre ist hinter dem Kleiderschrank hinuntergerutscht;

you'll have to come further \down [the steps] du musst noch ein Stück treppab gehen;

“\down!” ( to dog) „Platz!“;

to be [or lie] face \down auf dem Bauch [o mit dem Gesicht nach unten] liegen;

to put \down sth etw hinstellen

2) inv ( in the south) im Süden, unten ( fam) ( towards the south) in den Süden, runter ( fam)

things are much more expensive \down [in the] south unten im Süden ist alles viel teurer;

how often do you come \down to Cornwall? wie oft kommen Sie nach Cornwall runter? ( fam)

3) inv ( away from centre) außerhalb;

my parents live \down in Worcestershire, but they come up to London occasionally meine Eltern leben außerhalb in Worcestershire, aber sie kommen gelegentlich nach London;

he has a house \down by the harbour er hat ein Haus draußen am Hafen;

\down our way hier in unserem Viertel [o unserer Gegend];

4) (in/ to a weaker position) unten;

she's certainly come \down in the world! da muss es mit ihr ganz schön bergab gegangen sein! ( fam)

to be \down on one's luck eine Pechsträhne haben;

she's been \down on her luck recently in letzter Zeit ist sie vom Pech verfolgt;

to be \down to sth nur noch etw haben;

to be \down with sth an etw dat erkrankt sein;

she's \down with flu sie liegt mit einer Grippe im Bett;

to come [or go] \down with sth an etw dat erkranken, etw bekommen ( fam)

to hit [or kick] sb when he's \down jdn treten, wenn er schon am Boden liegt ( fig)

5) sports im Rückstand;

Milan were three goals \down at half-time zur Halbzeit lag Mailand [um] drei Tore zurück;

he quit the poker game when he was only $50 \down er hörte mit dem Pokerspiel auf, als er erst 50 Dollar verloren hatte

6) ( in time)

Joan of Arc's fame has echoed \down [through] the centuries Jean d'Arcs Ruhm hat die Jahrhunderte überdauert;

\down to the last century bis ins vorige Jahrhundert [hinein];

to come \down myths überliefert werden;

to pass [or hand] sth \down etw weitergeben [o überliefern];

7) (at/ to a lower amount) niedriger;

the pay offer is \down 2% from last year das Lohnangebot liegt 2 % unter dem vom Vorjahr;

the number of students has gone \down die Zahl der Studierenden ist gesunken;

to get the price \down den Preis drücken [o herunterhandeln];

8) (in/ to a weaker condition) herunter;

let the fire burn \down lass das Feuer herunterbrennen;

settle \down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe ihr zwei;

to turn the music/radio \down die Musik/das Radio leiser stellen [o machen];

to water a drink \down ein Getränk verwässern

9) ( including) bis einschließlich;

from sb/sth \down to sb/ sth von jdm/etw bis hin zu jdm/etw;

the entire administration has come under suspicion, from the mayor \down das gesamte Verwaltungspersonal, angefangen beim Bürgermeister, ist in Verdacht geraten

10) ( on paper)

to have sth \down in writing [or on paper] etw schriftlich haben;

do you have it \down in writing or was it just a verbal agreement? haben Sie das schwarz auf weiß oder war es nur eine mündliche Vereinbarung? ( fam)

to copy sth \down etw niederschreiben [o zu Papier bringen];

to get [or put] sb \down for sth jdn für etw akk vormerken;

we've got you \down for five tickets wir haben fünf Karten für Sie vorbestellt;

to put sth \down etw aufschreiben [o niederschreiben];

to write sth \down etw niederschreiben [o schriftlich niederlegen];

11) ( swallowed) hinunter;

to get sth \down etw [hinunter]schlucken;

she couldn't get the pill \down sie brachte die Tablette nicht hinunter ( fam)

you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down du wirst dich besser fühlen, wenn du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast;

to keep sth \down med etw bei sich dat behalten

12) ( thoroughly) gründlich;

to nail sth \down etw festnageln;

to wash/wipe sth \down etw von oben bis unten waschen/wischen;

he washed the car \down with soapy water er wusch den Wagen gründlich mit Seifenlauge

13) ( already finished) vorbei;

two lectures \down, eight to go zwei Vorlesungen haben wir schon besucht, es bleiben also noch acht

14) ( as initial payment) als Anzahlung;

to pay [or put] £100 \down 100 Pfund anzahlen

15) ( attributable)

to be \down to sth auf etw akk zurückzuführen sein;

the problem is \down to her inexperience, not any lack of intelligence es liegt an ihrer Unerfahrenheit, nicht an mangelnder Intelligenz;

to be [or (Am a.) come] \down to sb jds Sache sein;

it's all \down to you now to make it work nun ist es an Ihnen, die Sache in Gang zu bringen

16) ( reduce to)

to come \down to sth auf etw akk hinauslaufen;

what the problem comes \down to is this:... die entscheidende Frage ist:...;

well, if I bring it \down to its simplest level,... also, stark vereinfacht könnte man sagen,...

17) ( in crossword puzzles) senkrecht

18) (sl: okay)

to be \down with sth mit etw dat o.k. gehen ( fam)

PHRASES:

\down to the ground völlig, ganz und gar, total ( fam)

that suits me \down to the ground das ist genau das Richtige für mich prep

1) ( in a downward direction)

\down sth etw hinunter [o herunter];

my uncle's in hospital after falling \down some stairs mein Onkel ist im Krankenhaus, nachdem er die Treppe heruntergefallen ist;

up and \down the stairs die Treppe rauf und runter;

she poured the liquid \down the sink sie schüttete die Flüssigkeit in den Abfluss

2) ( downhill) hinunter, hinab;

to go \down the hill/ mountain den Hügel/Berg hinuntergehen;

I walked \down the hill ich ging den Hügel hinab

3) ( along)

\down sth etw hinunter [o entlang];

go \down the street towards the river gehen Sie die Straße entlang zum Fluss;

her office is \down the corridor on the right ihr Büro ist weiter den Gang entlang auf der rechten Seite;

we drove \down the motorway as far as Bristol wir fuhren die Schnellstraße hinunter bis nach Bristol;

they sailed the boat \down the river sie segelten mit dem Boot flussabwärts;

I ran my finger \down the list of ingredients ich ging mit dem Finger die Zutatenliste durch;

her long red hair reached most of the way \down her back ihre langen roten Haare bedeckten fast ihren ganzen Rücken;

\down town stadteinwärts;

I went \down town ich fuhr in die Stadt hinein;

\down one's way in jds Gegend;

they speak with a peculiar accent \down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent;

up and \down sb/ sth bei jdm/etw auf und ab

4) ( through time)

\down sth durch etw hindurch, über etw hinweg;

\down the generations über Generationen hinweg;

\down the centuries durch die Jahrhunderte hindurch;

\down the ages von Generation zu Generation;

\down the road [or line] [or track] auf der ganzen Linie ( fig), voll und ganz ( fig)

5) (Brit, Aus) (fam: to)

\down sth zu [o in] etw dat;

I went \down the pub with my mates ich ging mit meinen Freunden in die Kneipe;

to go \down the shops einkaufen gehen

6) food ( inside)

sth \down sb etw in jdm;

you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down you du fühlst dich gleich besser, wenn du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast

PHRASES:

to go \down the drain [or toilet] [or tube[s]] [or plughole] [or (Brit a.) pan] [or ( Aus) gurgler] für die Katz sein;

we don't want all their hard work to go \down the drain ich möchte nicht, dass ihre harte Arbeit ganz umsonst ist adj <more \down, most \down>

1) inv ( moving downward) abwärtsführend, nach unten nach n;

the \down escalator die Rolltreppe nach unten

2) pred (fam: unhappy, sad) niedergeschlagen, deprimiert, down ( fam)

I've been feeling a bit \down this week diese Woche bin ich nicht so gut drauf ( fam)

3) (fam: unhappy with)

to be \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker haben ( fam)

4) pred, inv ( not functioning) außer Betrieb;

the computer will be \down for an hour der Computer wird für eine Stunde abgeschaltet;

I'm afraid the [telephone] lines are \down ich fürchte, die Telefonleitungen sind tot

5) inv ( Brit) (dated: travelling away from the city) stadtauswärts fahrend attr;

\down platform Bahnsteig m für stadtauswärts fahrende Züge

6) ( sunk to a low level) niedrig;

the river is \down der Fluss hat [o ( geh) führt] Niedrigwasser vt

1) boxing, sports ( knock down)

to \down sb jdn zu Fall bringen; boxing jdn niederschlagen [o (sl) auf die Bretter schicken];

2) ( shoot down)

to \down sth etw abschießen [o ( fam) runterholen];

3) ( esp Brit)

to \down tools ( cease work) mit der Arbeit aufhören;

( have a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen;

( during strike) die Arbeit niederlegen;

the printers are threatening to \down tools die Drucker drohen mit Arbeitsniederlegungen

4) (Am, Aus) sports ( defeat)

to \down sb jdn schlagen [o ( fam) fertigmachen];

5) (swallow [quickly])

to \down sth food etw verschlingen [o herunterschlingen]; drink etw hinunterschlucken [o ( fam) hinunterkippen] [o ( fam) runterschütten];

he'd \downed four beers er hatte vier Bier gekippt ( fam) n

1) ( bad fortune) Tiefpunkt m, schlechte Zeit;

ups and \downs Auf und Ab nt;

well, we've had our ups and \downs wir haben schon Höhen und Tiefen durchgemacht

2) (fam: dislike) Groll m;

to have a \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker haben ( fam)

why do you have a \down on him? was hast du gegen ihn?

3) (Am) fball Versuch m;

it's second \down and seven yards to go es ist der zweite Versuch, und es sind noch sieben Yards interj

\down with taxes! weg mit den Steuern!;

\down with the dictator! nieder mit dem Diktator!

2. down [daʊn] n

no pl

1) ( soft feathers) Daunen fpl, Flaumfedern fpl

2) ( soft hair or fluff) [Bart]flaum m, feine Härchen n

modifier Daunen-;

\down jacket/ quilt Daunenjacke f /-decke f

3. down [daʊn] n

( esp Brit) Hügelland nt, [baumloser] Höhenzug;

the \downs pl die Downs (an der Südküste Englands)

English-German students dictionary > down
3 price

1. n

1) цена

- rise in price

- fall of prices

- swing in oil prices

- central setting of prices

- rapid soaring of prices

- recovery of price

- set of prices

- stabilization of prices

- standard of price

- data on prices

- adjust prices

- affect price

- agree on the price

- alter prices

- ascertain a price

- force up prices

- send up prices

- puff up prices

- bid up prices

- bring down beat to degress down prices

- bring down beat down to scale down prices

- bring to beat to scale down prices

- bring down beat down degress scale down prices

- bring to beat down degress scale down prices

- bring to beat to degress down prices

- bring to beat down to scale down prices

- bring down beat to scale down prices

- bring prices into line

- command a high price

- fetch a good price

- fix prices

- force to send to squeeze down prices

- force to send down squeeze down prices

- force down send to squeeze down prices

- force down send down squeeze down prices

- hold up prices

- kick against high prices

- leapfrog prices

- offer and bid prices

- rationalize prices

- set a price

- settle a price

- shave a price

- shore up prices

- sink in price

- slash prices

- spoil prices

- sustain the price

- prices adjusted for quality

- prices began to decline

- prices continue to rule low

- prices continue to rule high

- prices have shifted slightly

- prices ruled lower

- price shot up

- price shot soared

- demand determines prices

- price is subject to a discount of 5 per cent

- prices tend to be sticker on the downward side

2) курс ценных бумаг

•

- nominal price

- exorbitant price

- falling prices

- price warfare

- price variability

- bid price

- uniform prices

- set price

- home market prices

- administered price

- ceiling price

- adjusted prices

- chain price index

- outside price

- stationary prices

- money price

- firm price

- outrageous price

- price competition

- momentary equilibrium price

- buyer's price

- equitable price

- controlled prices

- steady prices

- commodity prices

- sagging price

- domestic prices

- heavy price

- offered price

- salable price

- hard prices

- asked price

- world prices

- price floor

- minimum price

- price system

- price war

- free-market price

- current price

- price range

- advanced price

- ruinous price

- farm produce price

- ruling price

- purchasing price

- agreed price

- published price

- imperfectly flexible prices

- stipulated price

- pegged price

- price scissors

- price of gold

- dropping prices

- fair price

- preferential system of oil price formation

- negotiated price

- market-clearing price

- sensitive price

- moderate prices

- price slashing

- competitive price

- consumer prices

- just price

- rock-bottom price

- national price level

- buying price

- contract price

- price squeeze

- flexible price

- uncontrollable prices

- prevailing price

- fixed prices

- wholesale prices

- mint price

- price index

- top price

- comparable prices

- relative prices

- bottom price

- excessive price

- highest price

- constant prices

- monopoly price

- market price

- price stickness

- international price index

- price regulations

- delivery price

- reasonable price

- reduced price

- price formation

- remunerative price

- real price

- double gold price

- price setting

- guiding price

- monopolistic price setting

- guaranteed minimum prices

- transaction price

- price determination

- pure monopoly price

- skyrocketing prices

- price agreement

- present price

- supply price

- purchase price

- price plateau

- retail price

- maximum price

- price ceiling

- price fluctuation

- floor price

- actual price

- internal prices

- price reduction

- dual gold price

- price behaviour

- inflated prices

2. v

назначать цену; расценивать

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > price
4 government

n

1) правительство

2) правление, управление государством, форма правления, руководство

•

to allow smb into the government — допускать кого-л. в правительство

to announce one's new government — объявлять состав своего правительства

to be designated the depositary governments — юр. назначаться в качестве правительств-депозитариев

to borrow from foreign governments — брать внешние займы

to bring down a government — добиваться падения / отставки правительства; свергать правительство

to bring smb into the new government — вводить кого-л. в состав правительства

to bypass the central government — действовать в обход центрального правительства

to choose an independent government — избирать независимое правительство

to close down the government (agencies) — прекращать деятельность (органов) правительства

to destabilize the government — дестабилизировать правительство

to destroy the government by force — насильственно уничтожать правительство

to dismiss / to dissolve a government — отправлять в отставку / распускать правительство

to enter a government — войти в правительство

to establish a government — создавать правительство

to finance local government — финансировать местное самоуправление

to force smb out of the government — заставлять кого-л. уйти из правительства

to force the government into an early general election — заставлять правительство провести досрочные всеобщие выборы

to form a government — формировать правительство

to head the government — возглавлять правительство

to install a government — создавать / ставить у власти правительство

to invite smb to form the government — предлагать кому-л. сформировать правительство

to join the government — войти в состав правительства

to lambaste the government — резко критиковать правительство

to lead a government — возглавлять правительство

to leave the government — выходить из состава правительства

to live under a democratic government — жить под властью демократического правительства

to operate a government — руководить работой правительства

to overthrow a government — свергать правительство

to pledge a government (to) — обязывать правительство (к чему-л.)

to plot to overthrow the government — участвовать в заговоре с целью свержения правительства

to put together a government — формировать правительство

to question the authority of the government — оспаривать власть правительства

to quit the government — выходить из состава правительства

to reconcile with the government — примиряться с правительством

to reorganize a government — реорганизовывать правительство

to represent a government — представлять правительство

to resign from the government — уходить в отставку ( о члене правительства)

to resign one's government to smb — передавать руководство кому-л.

to run a government — руководить работой правительства

to seize a government — арестовать правительство

to select a government — подбирать членов правительства

to set up a government — создавать правительство

to shut down the government (agencies) — прекращать деятельность (органов) правительства

to speak in the name of the government — выступать от имени правительства

to subvert a government — свергать правительство

to sweep a government from power — смещать правительство в результате убедительной победы его противников на выборах

to take over the government — захватывать руководство страной

to topple the government — свергать правительство

to unseat a government — сместить правительство

to unveil a new government — объявлять состав вновь образованного правительства

to withdraw from the government — выходить из состава правительства

- activist government
- all-party government
- anti-crisis government
- at the helm of the government
- authoritarian government
- biracial government
- bourgeois government
- broadly based government
- caretaker government
- center-right government
- central government
- centralized government
- change of government

- city government
- civil government
- civilian government
- clean government
- coalition government
- collapse of a government
- communist government
- composition of the government
- Conservative Government
- constitutional government
- corrupt government
- crisis coalition government
- de facto government
- democratic government
- Democratic Government
- democratically elected government
- depositary government
- devolved government
- dictatorial government
- disaffection with the government
- dissolution of a government
- donor government
- elected government
- establishment of a fully independent government
- fate of the government stands to be decided
- federal government
- for the government of a country
- four-party government
- friendly government
- genocidal government
- government and opposition
- government by crony
- government has collapsed
- government has failed the people
- government has lost its credibility
- government in exile

- government in place
- government in waiting
- government is using its immense power
- government led by...
- government of a country
- government of a state
- government of national agreement
- government of national confidence
- government of national reconciliation
- government of national salvation
- government of national unity
- government of the day
- government recognized de facto
- government recognized de jure
- government survived a rebellion by Conservative MPs
- government will be for 3 months
- government within a government
- handpicked government
- head of government
- Her / His Majesty's Government
- host government
- ideological complexion of the government
- imperialist government
- in defiance of the government
- incoming government
- incompetent government
- independent government
- interim government
- inviolability of the government
- invisible government
- Labour Government
- left-bourgeois government
- left-wing government
- legitimate government
- less government
- liberal government
- local government
- majority government
- maladministration in the government
- military government
- military-backed government
- minority government
- moderate government
- more devolved government
- multiparty government
- municipal government
- national government
- national unity government
- neutral government
- newly-formed government
- on the orders of the government
- one party style of government
- opposing governments
- organs of government
- outgoing government
- overthrow of a government
- overthrown government
- parliamentary government
- post-war government
- power-sharing government
- prime minister's conduct of government
- protest to the government
- provincial government
- provisional government
- puppet government
- racist government
- reactionary government
- recipe for stable government
- refugee government
- republican government
- Republican Government
- reshuffle of the government
- restoration of a government
- rightist government
- right-wing government
- rupture of a coalition government
- scandal-tainted government
- seat of government

- secure government
- self-declared government
- shadow government
- shape of the government
- shared government
- shutdown of the government agencies
- shutdown of the government
- single-party government
- smb's challenge for government
- smb's style of government
- socialist government
- sole legitimate government
- sovereign government
- Soviet government
- stable government
- stop-gap government
- strong government
- student government
- successor government
- system of government
- then government
- totalitarian government
- transition government
- transitional government
- tripartite coalition government
- tsarist government
- uncaring government
- under the government
- under the present government
- US-backed government
- weak government
- white minority government

Politics english-russian dictionary > government
5 carry-over

сущ.

1)

а) общ. остаток (что-л., сохранившееся с прошлого периода)

This policy is a carry-over from the previous administration. — Данная политика осталась от предыдущего руководства.

б) учет переходящий остаток (остаток денежных средств или товаров, переходящий из одного периода на другой, т. е. средства (запасы) на начало очередного периода)

See:

carry-over stock

в) учет переходящий итог (переносится с конца предыдущей страницы журнала (баланса) на следующую страницу)

See:

bring forward 3) б)

2)

а) общ. перенос, перенесение; отсрочка (чего-л.)

carry over of vacation time — перенос [отсрочка\] отпуска

б) учет ( остатка из прежнего отчетного периода в следующий)

See:

bring down 1)

в) учет = tax loss carryforward

3) бирж. репорт, репо (биржевая срочная сделка по продаже ценных бумаг с обязательством последующего выкупа через определенный срок по новому, более высокому курсу)

Syn:

postponement of transaction, report, repurchase agreement, carryover

Ant:

contango

See:

contango

* * *
1) = contango 1; 2) запасы товара на начало года, т. е. переходящий остаток; 3) вычет операционных убытков корпорации из налогооблагаемого дохода за последние 3 года (carry-back) или последующие 5 лет (carry-forward) для снижения общего налогового бремени; данный метод не применяется, если более 50% ценных бумаг корпорации за последние 2 года сменили хозяев или при смене рода деятельности; = tax loss carryback (carryforward).
* * *

карри-овер
. . Словарь экономических терминов .
* * *

Ценные бумаги/Биржевая деятельность

репорт

срочная сделка, заключающаяся в том, что владелец ценных бумаг продает их банку с обязательством последующего выкупа по более высокой цене

Англо-русский экономический словарь > carry-over
6 subvert

1. v свергать, ниспровергать, разрушать

2. v развращать; подрывать мораль; смущать

subvert an agreement — подрывать соглашение

3. v редк. нарушать; извращать

4. v тех. опрокидывать, переворачивать

Синонимический ряд:

1. overthrow (verb) annihilate; bring down; corrupt; crush; defeat; demolish; destroy; overthrow; overturn; ruin; run; supplant; topple; unseat

2. sabotage (verb) sabotage; undermine; wreck

Антонимический ряд:

preserve; support

English-Russian base dictionary > subvert
7 talk

1. n
разговор, беседа; pl переговоры

more peace talks are going to take place / getting underway / lie ahead — переговоры о мирном урегулировании будут продолжены

to abandon the talks — отказываться от продолжения переговоров

to achieve much progress at the talks — добиваться большого успеха на переговорах

to advance the talks — продвигать переговоры вперед

to approach the talks in a confident mood — подходить к переговорам с уверенностью

to attend talks — участвовать в переговорах

to augur well for the talks — сулить успех переговорам

to authorize informal talks — разрешать ведение неофициальных переговоров

to back away from talks — уклоняться от переговоров

to back off from talks — уходить с переговоров

to bar smb from talks — не допускать кого-л. к участию в переговорах

to be at the heart of the talks — быть в центре переговоров

to be involved in the talks — участвовать в переговорах

to be locked in talks — вести длительные переговоры

to be more flexible in the talks — проявлять бо́льшую гибкость на переговорах

to bedevil the talks — срывать переговоры

to begin (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры

to block the talks — блокировать переговоры

to boost the talks — стимулировать переговоры

to break off talks — прерывать переговоры

to break the deadlock in the talks — находить выход из тупика на переговорах

to break the silence which surrounded the talks — нарушать конфиденциальность переговоров

to breath fresh life into the talks — придавать новый импульс переговорам

to bring a country into the talks between smb — вовлекать / подключать какую-л. страну к переговорам между кем-л.

to bring about peace talks — добиваться мирных переговоров

to bring the two sides together for talks — сводить стороны для переговоров

to broker talks — быть посредником на переговорах

to call for fresh talks — призывать к возобновлению переговоров

to call for urgent talks with smb — призывать срочно начать переговоры с кем-л.

to call off talks — отменять переговоры

to call off a round of talk — откладывать раунд переговоров

to co-chair the talks — быть сопредседателями на переговорах

to come away from the talk empty-handed — возвращаться с переговоров с пустыми руками

to come to the talks empty-handed — приходить на переговоры с пустыми руками ( без новых предложений)

to complete / to conclude talks — завершать переговоры

to conduct exploratory talks — зондировать почву

to conduct in talks — вести переговоры

to convene talks — организовывать встречу для переговоров

to cut the talks short — прерывать переговоры

to damage the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры

to demand a prompt resumption of peace talks — требовать скорейшего возобновления переговоров о мире

to derail / to disrupt the talks — срывать переговоры

to dominate the two days of talks — быть главным вопросом на переговорах, которые продлятся два дня

to drag out the talks — затягивать переговоры

to end talks without agreement — заканчивать переговоры без заключения соглашения

to end three days of talks — заканчивать трехдневные переговоры

to engage in talks — вести переговоры

to engage in political talks — заниматься политическими разговорами

to enter (into) talks — вступать в переговоры

to expel smb from the talks — исключать кого-л. из состава участников переговоров

to extend talks amid reports of smth — продлевать переговоры, в то время как поступают сообщения о чем-л.

to extend one's talks for another day — продлевать переговоры еще на один день

to fly to a country for further talks — лететь в страну для продолжения переговоров

to follow the talks — следить за ходом переговоров

to force smb into talks — принуждать кого-л. к переговорам

to frustrate the talks — срывать переговоры

to get the talks back on course — возобновлять переговоры

to get the talks moving again — добиваться прогресса на переговорах

to get the talks off the ground — сдвигать переговоры с мертвой точки

to get the talks underway — начинать переговоры

to give the talks an added impetus — придавать дополнительный стимул переговорам

to go into the talks — приступать к переговорам

to go somewhere for more talks with smb — ехать куда-л. для продолжения переговоров с кем-л.

to hamper the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры

to have a second round of talks with smb — проводить второй тур переговоров с кем-л.

to have / to hold further / more talks with smb — проводить дальнейшие переговоры / продолжать переговоры с кем-л.

to hold talks at the request of smb — проводить переговоры по чьей-л. просьбе

to hold talks in an exceptionally warm atmosphere — вести переговоры в исключительно теплой атмосфере

to host talks — быть принимающей стороной на переговорах

to initiate the talks — быть инициатором переговоров

to interrupt talks — прерывать переговоры

to iron out difficulties in the talks — устранять трудности, возникшие в ходе переговоров

to join smb in the talks — включаться в чьи-л. переговоры, принять участие в чьих-л. переговорах

to keep the talks alive — продолжать переговоры

to launch a new round of talks — начинать новый тур переговоров

to leave smb out of talks — не допускать кого-л. к участию в переговорах

to lie at the heart of the talks — находиться в центре внимания участников переговоров

to maintain one's talks for 10 days — продолжать переговоры еще 10 дней

to make good / substantial progress at / in the talks — добиваться значительного / существенного успеха на переговорах

to make smb more flexible in the talks — заставлять кого-л. занять более гибкую позицию на переговорах

to mediate in the talks — быть посредником на переговорах

to nurture talks — способствовать успеху переговоров

to obstruct the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры

to offer unconditional talks to smb — предлагать кому-л. провести переговоры, не сопровождаемые никакими условиями

to open (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры

to open the way to broader talks — открывать путь к расширению числа участников переговоров

to pave the way for talks — прокладывать путь к переговорам

to postpone talks indefinitely — откладывать переговоры на неопределенный срок

to prejudice in jeopardy the further talks — ставить под угрозу дальнейшие переговоры

to proceed with the talks — продолжать переговоры

to pull out of the talks — в одностороннем порядке прекращать переговоры

to push for peace talks — настаивать на мирных переговорах

to push forward the talks — активизировать переговоры; давать толчок переговорам

to push the talks to the brink of collapse — доводить переговоры до грани провала

to push the talks towards stalemate — заводить переговоры в тупик

to put in jeopardy the further talks — ставить под угрозу дальнейшие переговоры

to put the proposals to arms reduction talks — ставить предложения на рассмотрение участников переговоров о сокращении вооружений

to put the talks back on track — возобновлять прерванные переговоры

to receive talks — добиваться возобновления переговоров

to record the talk — записывать беседу

to reject talks — отказываться от переговоров

to re-launch / to reopen talks — возобновлять переговоры

to renounce all talk of force — отказываться от угроз применения силы

to reschedule talks for later in March — переносить переговоры на вторую половину марта

to resolve the deadlock in the talks — выводить переговоры из тупика

to restart / to resume talks — возобновлять переговоры

to resume talks after a lapse of 18 months — возобновлять переговоры после полуторагодового перерыва

to resume talks on two tracks — возобновлять переговоры в двух направлениях

to sabotage the talks — срывать переговоры

to save talks from collapse — предотвращать провал переговоров

to schedule talks — намечать / планировать переговоры

to seek talks with smb — добиваться переговоров с кем-л.

to seek a solution through talks — искать решения путем переговоров

to set up peace talks — организовывать мирные переговоры

to show more flexibility in talks — проявлять больше гибкости на переговорах

to slow down talks — замедлять переговоры

to soften one's position in talks — смягчать позицию на переговорах

to speak in advance of talks — выступать в преддверии переговоров

to speed up talks — ускорять переговоры

to stall talks — затягивать переговоры

to start (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры

to stay away from talks — не желать участвовать в переговорах

to steer a diplomatic course in one's talks — проводить дипломатическую линию на переговорах

to step up talks — ускорять переговоры

to stymie the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры

to thwart the talks — срывать переговоры

to torpedo the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры

to unblock talks — находить выход из тупика на переговорах

to undermine the talks — срывать переговоры

to walk out of / to withdraw from talks — уходить с переговоров, отказываться от продолжения переговоров

- abortive talks
- accession talks
- after a full day of talks
- ambassadorial talks
- ambassadorial-level talks
- another round of talks gets under way today
- arduous talks
- arms control talks
- arms talks
- backstage talks
- barren talks
- beneficial talks
- bilateral talks
- bittersweet talk
- border talks
- breakdown in talks
- breakdown of talks
- breakthrough in the talks

- business-like atmosphere of talks
- businesslike talks
- by means of talks
- by talks
- call for fresh talks
- carefully prepared talks
- cease-fire talks
- CFE talks
- coalition talks
- collapsed talks
- completion of talks
- conduct of talks
- confidential talks
- confrontational talks
- constructive talks
- conventional arms control talks
- conventional forces in Europe talks
- conventional stability talks
- conventional talks
- conventional-force talk
- cordial talks
- crux of the talks
- current round of talks
- deadlocked talks
- delay in the talks
- detailed talks
- direct talks
- disarmament talks
- discreet talks
- disruption of talks
- divisive talks
- early talks
- election talk
- emergency talks
- equal talks
- Europe-wide talks
- exhaustive talks
- exploratory talks
- extensive talks
- face-to-face talks
- failure at the talks
- failure of the talks
- familiarization talks
- farewell talks
- final round of talks
- follow -up talks
- follow-on talks
- force-reduction talks
- formal talks
- forthcoming talks
- four-way talks
- frank talks
- fresh round of talks
- fresh talks
- friendly atmosphere in the talks
- friendly talks
- frosty talks
- fruitful talks
- fruitless talks
- full talks
- full-scale talks
- further talks
- get-to-know-you talks
- good-faith talks
- hard-going talks
- highest-level talks
- high-level talks
- in a follow-up to one's talks
- in the course of talks
- in the last round of the talks
- in the latest round of the talks
- in the talks
- inconclusive talks
- indirect talks
- industrial promotion talks
- informal talks
- intensive talks
- intercommunal talks
- interesting talks
- interparty talks
- last-ditch talks
- last-minute talks
- lengthy talks
- low-level talks
- make-or-break talks
- man-to-man talks
- marathon talks
- MBFR talks
- meaningful talks
- mediator in the talks
- membership talks
- ministerial talks
- more talks
- multilateral talks
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks
- news lockout during the talks
- no further talks are scheduled
- non-stop talks
- normalization talks
- nuclear and space arms talks
- observer at the talks
- offer of talks
- on-and-off talks
- Open Skies Talk
- open talks
- outcome of the talks
- pace of the talks
- participant in the talks
- parties at the talks
- pay talks
- peace talks
- pep talk
- political talks
- positive talks
- preliminary talks
- preparatory talks
- present at the talks are...
- pre-summit talks
- pre-talks
- prime-ministerial talks
- private talks
- productive talks
- profound talks
- programmatic talk
- proposed talks
- proximity talks
- rapid progress in talks
- rapprochement talks
- realistic talks
- renewal of talks
- resumed talks
- resumption of talks
- reunification talks
- round of talks

- round-table talks
- sales talks
- SALT
- scheduled talks
- secret talks
- security talks
- sensible talks
- separate talks
- serious talks
- session of the talks
- setback in the talks
- sincere talks
- stage-by-stage talks
- stormy talks
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks
- substantial talks
- substantive talks
- successful progress of the talks
- summit talks
- talk was conducted in an atmosphere
- talk was held in an atmosphere
- talk will be dominated by the row which...
- talks about talk
- talks are alarmingly behind schedule
- talks are at a standstill
- talks are critical
- talks are deadlocked
- talks are due to resume
- talks are getting nowhere
- talks are going ahead
- talks are going well
- talks are heading for deadlock
- talks are in doubt
- talks are in high gear
- talks are in jeopardy
- talks are into their final day
- talks are not going fast enough
- talks are only a start
- talks are progressing at a snail's pace
- talks are progressing smoothly
- talks are progressing well
- talks are set to fail
- talks are stalemated
- talks are still on track
- talks are taking place in a constructive atmosphere
- talks are underway
- talks at a ministerial level
- talks at the highest level
- talks at the level of deputy foreign ministers
- talks between smb have run into last-minute difficulties
- talks between the two sides
- talks bogged down on smth
- talks broke down
- talks came to a standstill
- talks center on smth
- talks collapsed
- talks come at a time when...
- talks concentrate on
- talks dragged on for years
- talks ended in agreement
- talks ended in failure
- talks ended inconclusively
- talks ended without agreement
- talks failed to make any progress
- talks faltered on smth
- talks foundered on smth
- talks get underway
- talks go into a second day
- talks go on
- talks had a successful start
- talks had been momentous
- talks hang by a thread
- talks hang in the balance
- talks have been constructive and businesslike
- talks have broken up in failure
- talks have ended on an optimistic note
- talks have ended with little sign of agreement
- talks have ended with little sign of program
- talks have fallen through
- talks have got off to a friendly start
- talks have got off to a successful start
- talks have made little progress towards peace
- talks have never been closer to an agreement
- talks have reached deadlock
- talks have reopened
- talks have run into difficulties
- talks have run into trouble
- talks inch forward
- talks is burgeoning again about...
- talks made progress
- talks may continue into tomorrow
- talks may not get off the ground
- talks now under way
- talks of peace
- talks of procedural nature
- talks on a range of issues
- talks on conventional stability
- talks open
- talks overran by half an hour
- talks overshadowed by smth
- talks produced no results
- talks reconvene
- talks remain deadlocked
- talks restart
- talks resume
- talks stalled over the issue
- talks under the auspices of smb
- talks went into the small hours of the morning
- talks went late into the night
- talks went on late into the night
- talks went smoothly
- talks were due to start a month ago
- talks were not conclusive
- talks were suspended
- talks were warm, friendly and cordial
- talks will cover smth
- talks will focus on smth
- talks will go ahead
- talks will take place at the undersecretaries of foreign affairs level
- talks will yield an agreement
- talks with smb are not acceptable
- talks with the mediation of smb
- talks without preconditions
- talks would make little headway
- the agreement was signed at the end of 5 days of talks
- the area affected in the talks
- the outcome of the talks is not easy to predict
- the pace of the talks is slow
- the progress of the talks
- there was a sense of achievement at the end of the talks
- this problem will be at the heart of the talks
- those in the talks
- three days of talks have failed to make any tangible progress
- three-sided talks
- three-way talks
- too much talks and not enough action
- top-level talks
- touchstone of progress in the talks
- trade talks
- trilateral talks
- tripartite talks
- two-way talks
- umbrella peace talks
- unconditional talks
- United Nations-mediated talks
- United Nations-sponsored talks
- unity talks
- unofficial talk
- unproductive talks
- unscheduled talks
- useful talks
- walkout from the talks
- weighty talks
- wide range of talks
- wide-ranging talks
- workmanlike talks 2. v
вести беседу, разговаривать

to talk about smth — вести переговоры о чем-л.

to talk directly to smb — вести прямые переговоры с кем-л.

to talk face to face — вести переговоры с глазу на глаз

to talk for oneself — высказывать свою личную точку зрения

to talk in generalities — говорить в общих выражениях

to talk to smb direct — вести с кем-л. прямые переговоры

to talk to smb through a third party — вести переговоры с кем-л. через посредника

to talk to the press — выступать перед журналистами

to talk tough — вести беседу / говорить резко

to agree to keep talking — договариваться продолжить переговоры

to begin talking with smb — начинать переговоры с кем-л.

Politics english-russian dictionary > talk
8 under

ˈʌndə
1. предл.
1) а) указывает на расположение одного предмета ниже другого под, ниже under the roof ≈ под крышей б) указывает на расположение под поверхностью чего-л. под The letter is under the door. ≈ Письмо под дверью. в) указывает на нахождение рядом с чем-л. у, около, под under the pole ≈ у полюса
2) а) указывает на нахождение под властью, контролем, командованием под under inspection ≈ под контролем б) указывает на нахождение под бременем, тяжестью, давлением, угрозой чего-л. под under pressure ≈ под давлением в) указывает на связанность обещанием под, по to be under oath to tell the trut ≈ дать присягу говорить правду г) указывает на пребывание под действием, влиянием чего-л., а также нахождение в каких-л. условиях в, под under the impression ≈ под впечатлением under any conditions ≈ в любых условиях
3) указывает на отнесенность к периоду, эпохе, строю под, при, в эпоху, во время under capitalism ≈ при капитализме
4) а) указывает на включение в графу, параграф, раздел и т. п. под, к under the head ≈ под рубрикой б) указывает на имя, часто вымышленное, под которым кто-л. выступает, пишет и т. д. under a pen-name ≈ под псевдонимом в) указывает на подпись, дату и т. д. за under smb.'s signature ≈ за подписью кого-л.
5) указывает на меньшее количество, меньшую степень, более низкую цену, на меньший возраст и т. п. ниже, меньше under cost ≈ ниже стоимости
6) указывает на произрастающую на участке земли опред. культуру под a field under wheat ≈ аоле под пшеницей
7) указывает на соответствие закону, правилам и т. п. по under the terms of agreement ≈ по условиям соглашения
2. нареч.
1) вниз, ниже Syn: down
2) внизу
3) ниже, меньше
4) ниже (по должности, званию)
3. прил.
1) нижний;
расположенный внизу или ниже an upper lip ≈ нижняя губа the under bank of the stream ≈ расположенная ниже по течению реки отмель
2) тихий, негоромкий, приглушенный( о звуке, голосе) Syn: subdued, low II
1.
3) подчиненный, нижестоящий, низший;
младший (по чину, должности) Syn: subordinate
1., inferior
2.
4) меньший, ниже установленной нормы;
неполный, недостаточный Syn: defective
1., insufficient
4. сущ.
1) мн.;
редк. нижнее белье Syn: underclothes, underwear
2) артил. недолет
5. прист.
1) ниже, под а) нахождение под каким-л. предметом under a tree ≈ под деревом б) нахождени ниже поверхности under water ≈ под водой в) расположение непосредственно ниже чего-л. a bump just under his eye ≈ синяк под глазом
2) под (нахождение под бременем, давлением) to sink under a heavy load ≈ ослабеть под бременем забот
3) под (именем, псевдонимом)
4) к, под указывает на отнесение к разделу, главе и т. п. Classify the books under "Fiction." ≈ Отнеси эти книги к разделу "Фантастика".
5) меньше чем, ниже чем (указывает на недостаточность, неполноту) purchased under cost ≈ приобрел по заниженной цене что-либо не отвечающее стандарту, не соответствующее установленному размеру радио или телепрограмма, занявшая меньше времени, чем было отведено (военное) недолет нижний, находящийся внизу, под (чем-либо) ;
покрытый( чем-либо) - * jaw нижняя челюсть - the * layer нижний слой тихий, приглушенный (о звуке) подчиненный, нижестоящий, занимающий более низкое положение меньший;
не отвечающий стандарту или норме - an * dose of medicine уменьшенная доза лекарства (американизм) (сленг) безвыходное положение - to get out from * выпутаться;
развязаться с кем-либо, чем-либо;
расплатиться с долгами указывает на движение вниз, под какой-либо предмет: вниз - get * quick! лезь скорее вниз! указывает на положение ниже чего-либо: внизу, ниже - he was buried * by an avalanche его засыпало снежной лавиной - he was snowed * in the election он с треском провалился на выборах указывает на место, находящееся дальше в книге, статье: ниже, дальше - as * как сказано ниже указывает на положение ниже уровня воды или движение под воду: под - the swimmer went * пловец скрылся под водой указывает на положение за горизонтом или движение за горизонт (о солнце): за горизонт(ом) - the sun went * an hour ago солнце село час назад указывает на меньшее количество: меньше - the dollars or * десять долларов или меньше указывет на более молодой возраст: моложе - children of seven years and * дети семи лет и моложе указывает на установление контроля над чем-либо или ликвидацию чего-либо - to bring * подчинять указывает на нахождение под каким-либо предметом: под - * the bed под кроватью указывает на расположение ниже какого-либо предмета или непосредственно под ним: под - the village lies * a mountain деревня расположена у подножия горы указывает на нахождение рядом с чем-либо: у, под - * the very pole у самого полюса указывает на нахождение под поверхностью чего-либо или ниже какого-либо уровня: под - * the ground под землей указывает на движение под какой-либо предмет или прохождение под каким-либо предметом: под - slip the letter * the door подсуньте письмо под дверь указывает на нахождение под бременем, тяжестью, давлением, угрозой: под - * pressure под давлением - * the threat of smth. под угрозой чего-либо указывает на вынужденность, связанность обещанием: под,по - you are * oath to tell the truth вы дали присягу говорить только правду указывает на нахождение под каким-либо влиянием или воздействием: под, в - * the impression that под впечатлением того, что указывает на нахождение под командованием, руководством, наблюдением, покровительством кого-либо: под, в, у - to fight * smb. сражаться под чьим-либо командованием - to be * smb. работать под начальством кого-либо указывает на отнесение к какому-либо общественному строю, эпохе, правлению: под, при;
в (эпоху), во время - * capitalism при капитализме - * the Roman Empire в эпоху Римской империи указывает на нахождение в каком-либо состоянии или каких-либо условиях: под, в, при - * such conditions в таких условиях указывает на осуществление действия: под, на;
вместе с существительным передается часто личной формой глагола - the matter is * discussion вопрос обсуждается указывает на соответствие закону, правилам, договору: по, согласно - * agreement по соглашению - * the terms of the treaty по условиям договора указывает на включение в главу, раздел: под, в, на - * the head под заголовком указывает на имя( часто вымышленное), псевдоним: под - * an assumed name под вымышленным именем указывает на наличие подписи, даты: за - * smb.'s signature за чьей-либо подписью указывает на меньшее количество: меньше;
ниже - * 50 people were there там не было и пятидесяти человек указывает на более молодой возраст: до, моложе - children * six years of age дети до шести лет указывает на отступление от какого-либо стандарта, установленного размера, количества: меньше, ниже - the loaf is * weight эта буханка весит меньше нормы указывает на более низкий ранг, подчиненное положение: ниже - a corporal is * sergeant по чину капрал ниже сержанта указывает на произрастающую на данном участке культуру: под - a field * wheat поле под пшеницей, поле, засеянное пшеницей > * one's breath тихим голосом;
шепотом belong ~ иметь отношение belong ~ относиться ~ two hundred people were there там было меньше двухсот человек;
the child is under five ребенку еще нет пяти лет England ~ the Stuarts Англия в эпоху Стюартов;
an office under Government государственная служба ~ prep указывает на использование площади, участка земли в определенных целях под;
a field under clover поле, засеянное клевером ~ prep указывает на нахождение под бременем, тяжестью (чего-л.) под;
under the load под тяжестью;
he broke down under the burden of sorrow горе сломило его I cannot reach the village ~ two hours я не могу добраться до деревни меньше, чем за два часа listed ~ котирующийся неполностью to operate( или to act) ~ a principle действовать по принципу ~ one's feet под ногами;
put the suitcase under the table поставьте чемодан под стол ~ prep указывает на нахождение в движении, процессе, осуществлении, определенном состоянии и т. п.: the question is under consideration вопрос обсуждается the road is ~ repair дорога ремонтируется;
under arrest под арестом ~ age не достигший определенного возраста;
несовершеннолетний;
to sell under cost продавать ниже стоимости the subject falls ~ the head of grammar эта тема относится к грамматике;
this rule goes under point five это правило относится к пункту пятому the subject falls ~ the head of grammar эта тема относится к грамматике;
this rule goes under point five это правило относится к пункту пятому under pref ниже, под: underground под землей ~ в силу ~ в соответствии ~ внизу;
to bring under подчинять;
to keep under искоренять, не давать распространяться ~ меньший, ниже установленной нормы ~ на основании ~ арт. недолет ~ ниже, вниз ~ нижний ~ низший, нижестоящий, подчиненный ~ pref присоединяясь к глаголу и прилагательному, придает значение недостаточности, неполноты недо-;
ниже чем ~ pref присоединяясь к существительному, придает значение подчиненности: undersecretary заместитель или помощник министра ~ согласно ~ prep указывает на включение в графу, параграф, пункт и т. п. под, к ~ prep указывает на использование площади, участка земли в определенных целях под;
a field under clover поле, засеянное клевером ~ prep указывает на меньшую степень, более низкую цену, на меньший возраст и т. п. ниже, меньше ~ prep указывает на нахождение в движении, процессе, осуществлении, определенном состоянии и т. п.: the question is under consideration вопрос обсуждается ~ prep указывает на нахождение под бременем, тяжестью (чего-л.) под;
under the load под тяжестью;
he broke down under the burden of sorrow горе сломило его ~ prep указывает на положение одного предмета ниже другого или на направление действия вниз под, ниже;
under the table под столом ~ prep указывает на пребывание под властью, контролем, командованием под;
to work under a professor работать под руководством профессора ~ prep указывает на соответствие, согласованность по;
under the present agreement по настоящему соглашению ~ prep указывает на условия, обстоятельства, при которых совершается действие при, под, на;
under fire под огнем;
under arms вооруженный ~ an assumed name под вымышленным именем;
under a mask под маской;
under the protection( of smth.) под защитой( чего-л.) ~ an assumed name под вымышленным именем;
under a mask под маской;
under the protection( of smth.) под защитой (чего-л.) ~ prep указывает на условия, обстоятельства, при которых совершается действие при, под, на;
under fire под огнем;
under arms вооруженный ~ heavy penalty под страхом сурового наказания;
under the necessity( of smth.) под давлением (каких-л.) обстоятельств;
under cover под прикрытием ~ one's feet под ногами;
put the suitcase under the table поставьте чемодан под стол ~ the new law по новому закону;
under right in international law в соответствии с международным правом ~ prep указывает на нахождение под бременем, тяжестью (чего-л.) под;
under the load под тяжестью;
he broke down under the burden of sorrow горе сломило его ~ the new law по новому закону;
under right in international law в соответствии с международным правом ~ prep указывает на соответствие, согласованность по;
under the present agreement по настоящему соглашению ~ an assumed name под вымышленным именем;
under a mask под маской;
under the protection (of smth.) под защитой (чего-л.) ~ two hundred people were there там было меньше двухсот человек;
the child is under five ребенку еще нет пяти лет underground подземный;
underclothes нижнее белье underclothes: underclothes pl нижнее белье underclothing: underclothing = underclothes to undervalue недооценивать;
underdone недожаренный;
to undernourish недокармливать underdone: underdone p. p. от underdo under pref ниже, под: underground под землей underground подземный;
underclothes нижнее белье underground: underground (the underground) метрополитен ~ под землей ~ подземный ~ подпольная организация;
подполье ~ тайно, подпольно, нелегально ~ тайный, подпольный to undervalue недооценивать;
underdone недожаренный;
to undernourish недокармливать undernourish: undernourish недокармливать ~ pref присоединяясь к существительному, придает значение подчиненности: undersecretary заместитель или помощник министра undersecretary: undersecretary заместитель или помощник министра;
Parliamentary undersecretary заместитель министра (член кабинета) ;
permanent undersecretary несменяемый помощник министра ~ заместитель секретаря to undervalue недооценивать;
underdone недожаренный;
to undernourish недокармливать undervalue: undervalue недооценивать, оценивать слишком низко, оценивать ниже действительной стоимости;
обесценивать ~ недооценивать ~ prep указывает на пребывание под властью, контролем, командованием под;
to work under a professor работать под руководством профессора

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > under
9 get

get [get]

recevoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (d), 1A (g), 1A (i), 1B (b) avoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b) toucher ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (b) trouver ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) obtenir ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) tenir ⇒ 1A (c) offrir ⇒ 1A (e) acheter ⇒ 1A (f) prendre ⇒ 1A (f), 1A (k), 1A (l) gagner ⇒ 1A (i) chercher ⇒ 1A (j) attraper ⇒ 1A (k), 1A (l), 1B (a) réserver ⇒ 1A (m) répondre ⇒ 1A (n) faire faire ⇒ 1C (b)-(d) préparer ⇒ 1D (a) entendre ⇒ 1D (b) comprendre ⇒ 1D (d) atteindre ⇒ 1E (a) devenir ⇒ 2A (a) se faire ⇒ 2A (b) commencer à ⇒ 2A (c), 2B (c) aller ⇒ 2B (a) réussir à ⇒ 2B (e)

( British pt & pp got [gɒt], cont getting [getɪŋ], American pt got [gɒt], pp gotten [gɒtən], cont getting [getɪŋ])

1 transitive verb

A.

(a) (receive → gift, letter, phone call) recevoir, avoir; (→ benefits, pension) recevoir, toucher; (→ medical treatment) suivre;

∎ I got a bike for my birthday on m'a donné ou j'ai eu ou j'ai reçu un vélo pour mon anniversaire;

∎ I get 'The Times' at home je reçois le 'Times' à la maison;

∎ this part of the country doesn't get much rain cette région ne reçoit pas beaucoup de pluie, il ne pleut pas beaucoup dans cette région;

∎ the living room gets a lot of sun le salon est très ensoleillé;

∎ I rang but I got no answer (at door) j'ai sonné mais je n'ai pas obtenu ou eu de réponse; (on phone) j'ai appelé sans obtenir de réponse;

∎ many students get grants beaucoup d'étudiants ont une bourse;

∎ he got five years for smuggling il a écopé de ou il a pris cinq ans (de prison) pour contrebande;

∎ he got a bullet in his shoulder il a reçu une balle dans l'épaule;

∎ familiar you're really going to get it! qu'est-ce que tu vas prendre ou écoper!;

∎ familiar I'll see that you get yours! je vais te régler ton compte!

(b) (obtain → gen) avoir, trouver, obtenir; (→ through effort) se procurer, obtenir; (→ licence, loan, permission) obtenir; (→ diploma, grades) avoir, obtenir;

∎ where did you get that book? où avez-vous trouvé ce livre?;

∎ they got him a job ils lui ont trouvé du travail;

∎ I got the job! ils m'ont embauché!;

∎ can you get them the report? pouvez-vous leur procurer le rapport?;

∎ I got the idea from a book j'ai trouvé l'idée dans un livre;

∎ I got a glimpse of her face j'ai pu apercevoir son visage;

∎ you get a fine view from here il y a une vue magnifique d'ici;

∎ I've got six more to get (in collection) il m'en manque six;

∎ the town gets its water from the reservoir la ville reçoit son eau du réservoir;

∎ we get our wine directly from the vineyard en vin ou pour le vin, nous nous fournissons directement chez le producteur;

∎ they stopped in town to get some lunch (had lunch there) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour déjeuner; (bought something to eat) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour acheter de quoi déjeuner;

∎ I'm going out to get a breath of fresh air je sors prendre l'air;

∎ I'm going to get something to drink/eat (fetch) je vais chercher quelque chose à boire/manger; (consume) je vais boire/manger quelque chose;

∎ can I get a coffee? je pourrais avoir un café, s'il vous plaît?;

∎ get yourself a good lawyer trouvez-vous un bon avocat;

∎ get advice from your doctor demandez conseil à votre médecin;

∎ I need all the advice I can get j'ai besoin de tous les conseils qu'on peut me donner;

∎ to get (oneself) a wife/husband se trouver une femme/un mari;

∎ to get sb to oneself avoir qn pour soi tout seul;

∎ to get a divorce obtenir le divorce;

∎ get plenty of exercise faites beaucoup d'exercice;

∎ get plenty of sleep dormez beaucoup;

∎ try and get a few days off work essayez de prendre quelques jours de congé;

∎ I'll do it if I get the time/a moment je le ferai si j'ai le temps/si je trouve un moment;

∎ I got a lot from or out of my trip to China mon voyage en Chine m'a beaucoup apporté;

∎ she got very little from her lessons elle a très peu appris de ses leçons;

∎ he didn't get a chance to introduce himself il n'a pas eu l'occasion de se présenter

(c) (inherit → characteristic) tenir;

∎ she gets her shyness from her father elle tient sa timidité de son père

(d) (obtain in exchange) recevoir;

∎ they got a lot of money for their flat la vente de leur appartement leur a rapporté beaucoup d'argent;

∎ they got a good price for the painting le tableau s'est vendu à un bon prix;

∎ what did you get for your car? combien est-ce que tu as vendu ta voiture?;

∎ he got nothing for his trouble il s'est donné de la peine pour rien;

∎ you don't get something for nothing on n'a rien pour rien

(e) (offer as gift) offrir, donner;

∎ what did she get him for Christmas? qu'est-ce qu'elle lui a offert ou donné pour Noël?;

∎ I don't know what to get Jill for her birthday je ne sais pas quoi acheter à Jill pour son anniversaire

(f) (buy) acheter, prendre;

∎ get your father a magazine when you go out achète une revue à ton père quand tu sortiras;

∎ get the paper too prends ou achète le journal aussi;

∎ we got the house cheap on a eu la maison (à) bon marché

(g) (learn → information, news) recevoir, apprendre;

∎ we turned on the radio to get the news nous avons allumé la radio pour écouter les informations;

∎ she just got news or word of the accident elle vient juste d'apprendre la nouvelle de l'accident;

∎ he broke down when he got the news en apprenant la nouvelle il a fondu en larmes

(h) (reach by calculation or experimentation → answer, solution) trouver; (→ result) obtenir;

∎ multiply 5 by 2 and you get 10 multipliez 5 par 2 et vous obtenez 10

(i) (earn, win → salary) recevoir, gagner, toucher; (→ prize) gagner; (→ reputation) se faire;

∎ plumbers get £20 an hour un plombier gagne ou touche 20 livres de l'heure;

∎ he got a good name or a reputation as an architect il s'est fait une réputation dans le milieu de l'architecture;

∎ someone's trying to get your attention (calling) quelqu'un vous appelle; (waving) quelqu'un vous fait signe

(j) (bring, fetch) (aller) chercher;

∎ he went and got a book from the library il est allé chercher un livre à la bibliothèque;

∎ go and get a doctor allez chercher un médecin;

∎ get me my coat va me chercher ou apporte-moi mon manteau;

∎ we had to get a doctor nous avons dû faire venir un médecin;

∎ he went to get a taxi il est parti chercher un taxi;

∎ what can I get you to drink? qu'est-ce que je vous sers à boire?;

∎ can I get you anything? (to somebody ill etc) est-ce que vous avez besoin de quelque chose?;

∎ they sent him to get help ils l'ont envoyé chercher de l'aide

(k) (catch → ball) attraper; (→ bus, train) prendre, attraper;

∎ did you get your train? est-ce que tu as eu ton train?

(l) (capture) attraper, prendre; (seize) prendre, saisir;

∎ the Mounties always get their man la police montée attrape toujours son homme (au Canada);

∎ he got me by the arm il m'a attrapé par le bras;

∎ the dog got him by the leg le chien l'a attrapé à la jambe;

∎ (I've) got you! je te tiens!

(m) (book, reserve) réserver, retenir;

∎ we're trying to get a flight to Budapest nous essayons de réserver un vol pour Budapest

(n) (answer → door, telephone) répondre;

∎ the doorbell's ringing - I'll get it! quelqu'un sonne à la porte - j'y vais!;

∎ will you get the phone? peux-tu répondre au téléphone?

B.

(a) (become ill with) attraper;

∎ he got a chill il a pris ou attrapé froid;

∎ I get a headache when I drink red wine le vin rouge me donne mal à la tête;

∎ familiar to get it bad for sb avoir qn dans la peau

(b) (experience, feel → shock) recevoir, ressentir, avoir; (→ fun, pain, surprise) avoir;

∎ I got the feeling something horrible would happen j'ai eu l'impression ou le pressentiment que quelque chose d'horrible allait arriver;

∎ I get the impression he doesn't like me j'ai l'impression que je ne lui plais pas;

∎ to get a thrill out of sth/doing sth prendre plaisir à qch/faire qch;

∎ familiar to get religion devenir croyant^□

(c) (encounter)

∎ you get some odd people on these tours il y a de drôles de gens dans ces voyages organisés;

∎ you get a lot of people marrying young here il y a beaucoup de gens qui se marient jeunes par ici;

∎ we don't get many accidents here nous n'avons pas beaucoup d'accidents par ici

C.

(a) (with adj or past participle) (cause to be) she managed to get the window closed/open elle a réussi à fermer/ouvrir la fenêtre;

∎ I got the car started j'ai démarré la voiture;

∎ don't get your feet wet! ne te mouille pas les pieds!;

∎ get the suitcases ready préparez les bagages;

∎ the children are getting themselves ready for school les enfants se préparent pour (aller à) l'école;

∎ I finally got her on her own or alone j'ai fini par réussir à la voir en tête à tête;

∎ we managed to get him in a good mood nous avons réussi à le mettre de bonne humeur;

∎ they've got me so I don't know whether I'm coming or going c'en est à un tel point que je ne sais plus où j'en suis;

∎ to get people interested (in sth) intéresser les gens (à qch);

∎ let me get this clear que ce soit bien clair;

∎ to get things under control prendre les choses en main;

∎ he likes his bath as hot as he can get it il aime que son bain soit aussi chaud que possible;

∎ the flat is as clean as I'm going to get it j'ai nettoyé l'appartement le mieux que j'ai pu;

∎ he got himself nominated president il s'est fait nommer président;

∎ don't get yourself all worked up ne t'en fais pas

(b) (with infinitive) (cause to do or carry out) we couldn't get her to leave on n'a pas pu la faire partir;

∎ get him to move the car demande-lui de déplacer la voiture;

∎ I got it to work, I got it working j'ai réussi à le faire marcher;

∎ we have to get the government to tighten up on pollution control il faut que l'on obtienne du gouvernement qu'il renforce les lois contre la pollution;

∎ he got the other members to agree il a réussi à obtenir l'accord des autres membres;

∎ I can always get someone else to do it je peux toujours le faire faire par quelqu'un d'autre;

∎ I got her to talk about life in China je lui ai demandé de parler de la vie en Chine;

∎ they can't get the landlord to fix the roof ils n'arrivent pas à obtenir du propriétaire qu'il fasse réparer le toit;

∎ how do you get jasmine to grow indoors? comment peut-on faire pousser du jasmin à l'intérieur?

(c) (with past participle) (cause to be done or carried out) to get sth done/repaired faire faire/réparer qch;

∎ to get one's hair cut se faire couper les cheveux;

∎ I didn't get anything done today je n'ai rien fait aujourd'hui;

∎ it's impossible to get anything done around here (by oneself) il est impossible de faire quoi que ce soit ici; (by someone else) il est impossible d'obtenir quoi que ce soit ici

(d) (cause to come, go, move)

∎ how are you going to get this package to them? comment allez-vous leur faire parvenir ce paquet?;

∎ they eventually got all the boxes downstairs/upstairs ils ont fini par descendre/monter toutes leurs boîtes;

∎ I managed to get the old man downstairs/upstairs j'ai réussi à faire descendre/monter le vieil homme;

∎ I managed to get him away from the others j'ai réussi à l'éloigner des autres;

∎ get him away from me débarrassez-moi de lui;

∎ can you get me home? pouvez-vous me raccompagner?;

∎ they got her to the airport on time ils l'ont amenée à l'aéroport à l'heure;

∎ his friends managed to get him home ses amis ont réussi à le ramener (à la maison);

∎ how are we going to get the bike home? comment est-ce qu'on va ramener le vélo à la maison?;

∎ I got a message to them je leur ai fait parvenir un message;

∎ he can't get the children to bed il n'arrive pas à mettre les enfants au lit;

∎ I can't get my boots off/on je n'arrive pas à enlever/mettre mes bottes;

∎ we couldn't get the bed through the door nous n'avons pas pu faire passer le lit par la porte;

∎ figurative where has all this got us? où est-ce que tout ça nous a menés?;

∎ this is getting us nowhere ça ne nous mène nulle part, ça ne nous mène à rien;

∎ that won't get you very far! ça ne te servira pas à grand-chose!, tu ne seras pas beaucoup plus avancé!

D.

(a) (prepare → meal, drink) préparer;

∎ he's in the kitchen getting dinner il est à la cuisine en train de préparer le dîner;

∎ who's going to get the children breakfast? qui va préparer le petit déjeuner pour les enfants?;

∎ she got herself some breakfast elle s'est préparé un petit déjeuner

(b) (hear correctly) entendre, saisir;

∎ I didn't get his name je n'ai pas saisi son nom

(c) (establish telephone contact with)

∎ I got her father on the phone j'ai parlé à son père ou j'ai eu son père au téléphone;

∎ I couldn't get her at the office je n'ai pas pu l'avoir au bureau;

∎ did you get the number you wanted? avez-vous obtenu le numéro que vous vouliez?;

∎ get me extension 3500 passez-moi ou donnez-moi le poste 3500

(d) familiar (understand) comprendre^□, saisir^□ ;

∎ I don't get it, I don't get the point je ne comprends ou ne saisis pas, je n'y suis pas du tout;

∎ I don't get you or your meaning je ne comprends pas ce que vous voulez dire;

∎ if you get my meaning si tu vois ce que je veux dire^□ ;

∎ don't get me wrong comprenez-moi bien;

∎ I think he's got the message now je crois qu'il a compris maintenant;

∎ I don't get the joke je ne vois pas ce qui est (si) drôle^□ ;

∎ get it?, get me?, get my drift? tu saisis?, tu piges?;

∎ (I've) got it! ça y est!^□, j'y suis!^□ ;

∎ oh, I get you! ah! j'ai pigé!

(e) (take note of) remarquer;

∎ did you get his address? lui avez-vous demandé son adresse?

(f) familiar (look at) viser;

∎ get him! who does he think he is? vise un peu ce mec, mais pour qui il se prend?;

∎ get (a load of) that! vise un peu ça!

(g) familiar (listen to) écouter^□ ;

∎ get a load of this! écoute un peu ça!;

∎ get him! écoute-le, celui-là!;

E.

(a) familiar (hit) atteindre^□ ; (hit and kill) tuer^□ ;

∎ she got him in the face with a pie elle lui a jeté une tarte à la crème à la figure;

∎ the bullet got him in the back il a pris la balle ou la balle l'a atteint dans le dos;

∎ a car got him il a été tué par une voiture

(b) familiar (harm, punish)

∎ everyone's out to get me tout le monde est après moi

(c) familiar (take vengeance on) se venger de^□ ;

∎ we'll get you for this! on te revaudra ça!;

∎ I'll get him for that! je lui revaudrai ça!

(d) familiar (affect physically)

∎ the pain gets me in the back j'ai des douleurs dans le dos^□

(e) familiar (affect emotionally) émouvoir^□ ;

∎ that song really gets me cette chanson me fait vraiment quelque chose

(f) familiar (baffle, puzzle)

∎ you've got me there alors là, aucune idée

(g) familiar (irritate) énerver^□, agacer^□ ;

∎ it really gets me when you're late qu'est-ce que ça peut m'énerver quand tu es en retard!

(h) American (learn) apprendre;

∎ to get sth by heart apprendre qch par cœur

(i) archaic (beget) engendrer;

∎ to get sb with child faire un enfant à qn

(j) Radio & Television (signal, station) capter, recevoir

(k) familiar (idiom)

∎ he got his in Vietnam il est mort au Viêt Nam^□

2 intransitive verb

A.

(a) (become) devenir;

∎ I'm getting hungry/thirsty je commence à avoir faim/soif;

∎ get dressed! habille-toi!;

∎ to get fat grossir;

∎ to get married se marier;

∎ to get divorced divorcer;

∎ don't get lost! ne vous perdez pas!;

∎ how did that vase get broken? comment se fait-il que ce vase soit cassé?;

∎ he got so he didn't want to go out any more il en est arrivé à ne plus vouloir sortir;

∎ to get old vieillir;

∎ it's getting late il se fait tard;

∎ this is getting boring ça devient ennuyeux;

∎ to get used to sth/doing sth s'habituer à qch/à faire qch;

∎ familiar will you get with it! mais réveille-toi un peu!

(b) (used to form passive)

∎ to get elected se faire élire, être élu;

∎ suppose he gets killed et s'il se fait tuer?;

∎ to get drowned se noyer;

∎ we got paid last week on a été payés la semaine dernière;

∎ I'm always getting invited to parties on m'invite toujours à des soirées

(c) (with present participle) (start) commencer à, se mettre à;

∎ let's get going or moving! (let's leave) allons-y!; (let's hurry) dépêchons(-nous)!, grouillons-nous!; (let's start to work) au travail!;

∎ I'll get going on that right away je m'y mets tout de suite;

∎ I can't seem to get going today je n'arrive pas à m'activer aujourd'hui;

∎ she got talking to the neighbours elle s'est mise à discuter avec les voisins;

∎ we got talking about racism nous en sommes venus à parler de racisme;

∎ he got to thinking about it il s'est mis à réfléchir à la question

B.

(a) (go) aller, se rendre; (arrive) arriver;

∎ when did you get home? quand es-tu rentré?;

∎ it's nice to get home ça fait du bien de rentrer chez soi;

∎ how do you get to the museum? comment est-ce qu'on fait pour aller au musée?;

∎ how did you get in here? comment êtes-vous entré?;

∎ they should get here today ils devraient arriver ici aujourd'hui;

∎ how did you get here? comment es-tu venu?;

∎ how did that bicycle get here? comment se fait-il que ce vélo se trouve ici?;

∎ I took the train from Madrid to get there j'ai pris le train de Madrid pour y aller;

∎ she's successful now but it took her a while to get there elle a une bonne situation maintenant, mais ça ne s'est pas fait du jour au lendemain;

∎ he got as far as buying the tickets il est allé jusqu'à acheter les billets;

∎ I'd hoped things wouldn't get this far j'avais espéré qu'on n'en arriverait pas là;

∎ are you getting anywhere with that report? il avance, ce rapport?;

∎ now you're getting somewhere! enfin tu avances!;

∎ I'm not getting anywhere or I'm getting nowhere with this project je fais du surplace avec ce projet;

∎ we're not getting anywhere with this meeting cette réunion est une perte de temps;

∎ she won't get anywhere or she'll get nowhere if she's rude to people elle n'arrivera à rien en étant grossière avec les gens;

∎ where's your sister got to? où est passée ta sœur?;

∎ where did my keys get to? où sont passées mes clés?

(b) (move in specified direction)

∎ he got along the ledge as best he could il a avancé le long du rebord du mieux qu'il pouvait;

∎ she got behind a tree elle s'est mise derrière un arbre;

∎ to get into bed se coucher;

∎ get in or into the car! monte dans la voiture!;

∎ get over here! viens ici!;

∎ we couldn't get past the truck nous ne pouvions pas passer le camion

(c) (with infinitive) (start) commencer à, se mettre à;

∎ each city is getting to look like another toutes les grandes villes commencent à se ressembler;

∎ to get to know sb apprendre à connaître qn;

∎ we got to like her husband nous nous sommes mis à apprécier ou à aimer son mari;

∎ you'll get to like it in the end ça finira par te plaire;

∎ his father got to hear of the rumours son père a fini par entendre les rumeurs;

∎ he's getting to be known il commence à être connu, il se fait connaître;

∎ they got to talking about the past ils en sont venus ou ils se sont mis à parler du passé

(d) (become) devenir;

∎ it's getting to be impossible to find a flat ça devient impossible de trouver un appartement;

∎ she may get to be president one day elle pourrait devenir ou être président un jour;

∎ they got to be friends ils sont devenus amis

(e) (manage) réussir à;

∎ we never got to see that film nous n'avons jamais réussi à ou nous ne sommes jamais arrivés à voir ce film;

∎ I didn't get to speak to him in person je n'ai pas pu lui parler en personne

(f) familiar (be allowed to)

∎ he never gets to stay up late on ne le laisse jamais se coucher tard^□ ;

∎ I never get to drive on ne me laisse jamais conduire^□

(g) familiar (leave) se tirer;

∎ get! fous le camp!, tire-toi!

3 noun

familiar (in tennis) beau retour^□ m

➲ get about intransitive verb

(a) (be up and about, move around) se déplacer;

∎ how do you get about town? comment vous déplacez-vous en ville?;

∎ she gets about on crutches/in a wheelchair elle se déplace avec des béquilles/en chaise roulante;

∎ I don't get about much these days je ne me déplace pas beaucoup ces temps-ci

(b) (travel) voyager;

∎ I get about quite a bit in my job je suis assez souvent en déplacement pour mon travail

(c) (be socially active)

∎ she certainly gets about elle connaît beaucoup de monde

(d) (story, rumour) se répandre, circuler;

∎ the news or it got about that they were splitting up la nouvelle de leur séparation s'est répandue

➲ get across

1 intransitive verb

(a) (succeed in crossing) traverser, passer;

∎ the river was flooded but we managed to get across la rivière était en crue mais nous avons réussi à traverser

(b) (be communicated)

∎ our message is not getting across notre message ne passe pas

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (over water, street → person) faire traverser;

∎ we couldn't get the supplies across (across the river) nous ne pouvions pas faire passer les vivres de l'autre côté;

∎ it was easy to get the people across (across the border) il était facile de faire passer les gens

(b) (communicate) communiquer;

∎ I can't seem to get the idea across to them je n'arrive pas à leur faire comprendre ça;

∎ he managed to get his point across il a réussi à faire passer son message

➲ get after inseparable transitive verb

poursuivre

➲ get ahead intransitive verb

(succeed) réussir, arriver;

∎ to get ahead in life or in the world réussir dans la vie;

∎ if you want to get ahead at the office, you have to work si tu veux de l'avancement au bureau, il faut que tu travailles

➲ get along intransitive verb

(a) (fare, manage) aller;

∎ how are you getting along? comment vas-tu?, comment ça va?;

∎ she's getting along well in her new job elle se débrouille bien dans son nouveau travail;

∎ we can get along without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui

(b) (advance, progress) avancer, progresser;

∎ the patient is getting along nicely le patient est en bonne voie ou fait des progrès

(c) (be on good terms) s'entendre;

∎ we get along fine nous nous entendons très bien, nous faisons bon ménage;

∎ she doesn't get along with my mother elle ne s'entend pas avec ma mère;

∎ she's easy to get along with elle est facile à vivre

(d) (move away) s'en aller, partir; (go) aller, se rendre;

∎ it's time for me to be getting along, it's time I was getting along il est temps que je parte;

∎ I must be getting along to the office il faut que j'aille au bureau;

∎ British get along with you! (leave) va-t'en!, fiche le camp!; familiar (I don't believe you) à d'autres!

➲ get around

1 inseparable transitive verb

(obstacle, problem) contourner; (law, rule) tourner;

∎ there's no getting around it, we'll have to tell her il n'y a pas d'autre moyen, il va falloir que nous le lui disions;

∎ there's no getting around the fact that he lied to us il reste qu'il nous a menti

2 intransitive verb

= get about

➲ get around to inseparable transitive verb

∎ she won't get around to reading it before tomorrow elle n'arrivera pas à (trouver le temps de) le lire avant demain;

∎ he finally got around to fixing the radiator il a fini par ou il est finalement arrivé à réparer le radiateur;

∎ it was some time before I got around to writing to her j'ai mis pas mal de temps avant de lui écrire

➲ get at inseparable transitive verb

(a) (reach → object, shelf) atteindre; (→ place) parvenir à, atteindre;

∎ I've put the pills where the children can't get at them j'ai mis les pilules là où les enfants ne peuvent pas les prendre;

∎ familiar just let me get at him! si jamais il me tombe sous la main!

(b) (discover) trouver;

∎ to get at the truth découvrir la vérité

(c) (mean, intend) entendre;

∎ I see what you're getting at je vois où vous voulez en venir;

∎ just what are you getting at? qu'est-ce que vous entendez par là?, où voulez-vous en venir?;

∎ what I'm getting at is why did she leave now? ce que je veux dire, c'est pourquoi est-elle partie maintenant?

(d) familiar (criticize) s'en prendre à^□, s'attaquer à^□ ;

∎ you're always getting at me tu t'en prends toujours à moi

(e) familiar (bribe, influence) acheter, suborner^□ ;

∎ the witnesses had been got at les témoins avaient été achetés

➲ get away

1 intransitive verb

(a) (leave) s'en aller, partir;

∎ she has to get away from home/her parents il faut qu'elle parte de chez elle/s'éloigne de ses parents;

∎ I was in a meeting and couldn't get away j'étais en réunion et je ne pouvais pas m'échapper ou m'en aller;

∎ will you be able to get away at Christmas? allez-vous pouvoir partir (en vacances) à Noël?;

∎ to get away from the daily grind échapper au train-train quotidien;

∎ get away from it all, come to Florida! quittez tout, venez en Floride!;

∎ she's gone off for a couple of weeks to get away from it all elle est partie quelques semaines loin de tout

(b) (move away) s'éloigner;

∎ get away from that door! éloignez-vous ou écartez-vous de cette porte!;

∎ get away from me! fichez-moi le camp!

(c) (escape) s'échapper, se sauver;

∎ the murderer got away l'assassin s'est échappé;

∎ the thief got away with all the jewels le voleur est parti ou s'est sauvé avec tous les bijoux;

∎ there's no getting away from or you can't get away from the fact that the other solution would have been cheaper on ne peut pas nier (le fait) que l'autre solution aurait coûté moins cher;

∎ you can't get away from it, there's no getting away from it c'est comme ça, on n'y peut rien

(d) British familiar (idiom)

∎ get away (with you)! à d'autres!

2 separable transitive verb

(remove → person) emmener;

∎ get that child away from the road! éloignez cet enfant de la route!;

∎ get me away from here! fais-moi sortir d'ici!;

∎ get your dog away from my garden! faites sortir votre chien de mon jardin!;

∎ they managed to get him away from the TV ils ont fini par l'arracher de devant la télévision;

∎ to get sth away from sb prendre qch à qn

➲ get away with inseparable transitive verb

∎ he got away with cheating on his taxes personne ne s'est aperçu qu'il avait fraudé le fisc;

∎ I can't believe you got away with it! je n'arrive pas à croire que personne ne t'ait rien dit!;

∎ he got away with a small fine il s'en est tiré avec une petite amende;

∎ that child gets away with murder on laisse tout faire à ce gamin;

∎ her skirt is really tiny but she gets away with it sa jupe est vraiment très courte mais elle peut se le permettre

➲ get back

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move backwards) reculer;

∎ get back! éloignez-vous!, reculez!

(b) (return) revenir, retourner;

∎ I can't wait to get back home je suis impatient de rentrer (à la maison);

∎ get back in bed! va te recoucher!, retourne au lit!;

∎ I got back in the car/on the bus je suis remonté dans la voiture/dans le bus;

∎ to get back to sleep se rendormir;

∎ to get back to work (after break) se remettre au travail; (after holiday, illness) reprendre le travail;

∎ things eventually got back to normal les choses ont peu à peu repris leur cours (normal);

∎ getting or to get back to the point pour en revenir au sujet qui nous préoccupe;

∎ let's get back to your basic reasons for leaving revenons aux raisons pour lesquelles vous voulez partir;

∎ I'll get back to you on that (call back) je vous rappelle pour vous dire ce qu'il en est; (discuss again) nous reparlerons de cela plus tard

(c) (return to political power) revenir;

∎ do you think the Democrats will get back in? croyez-vous que le parti démocrate reviendra au pouvoir?

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (recover → something lost or lent) récupérer; (→ force, strength) reprendre, récupérer; (→ health, motivation) retrouver;

∎ he got his job back il a été repris;

∎ I got back nearly all the money I invested j'ai récupéré presque tout l'argent que j'avais investi;

∎ you'll have to get your money back from the shop il faut que vous vous fassiez rembourser par le magasin

(b) (return) rendre;

∎ we have to get this book back to her il faut que nous lui rendions ce livre

(c) (return to original place) remettre, replacer;

∎ I can't get it back in the box je n'arrive pas à le remettre ou le faire rentrer dans le carton;

∎ I want to get these suitcases back down to the cellar je veux redescendre ces valises à la cave;

∎ he managed to get the children back to bed il a réussi à remettre les enfants au lit

(d) familiar (idiom)

∎ to get one's own back (on sb) se venger (de qn)^□

➲ get back at inseparable transitive verb

se venger de;

∎ he only said it to get back at him il n'a dit ça que pour se venger de lui

➲ get behind

1 intransitive verb

(gen) rester à l'arrière, se laisser distancer; Sport se laisser distancer; figurative prendre du retard;

∎ he got behind with his work il a pris du retard dans son travail;

∎ we mustn't get behind with the rent il ne faut pas qu'on soit en retard pour le loyer

2 inseparable transitive verb

(support, sympathize with) appuyer

➲ get by

1 intransitive verb

(a) (pass) passer;

∎ let me get by laissez-moi passer

(b) (be acceptable) passer, être acceptable;

∎ their work just about gets by leur travail est tout juste passable ou acceptable

(c) (manage, survive) se débrouiller, s'en sortir;

∎ how do you get by on that salary? comment tu te débrouilles ou tu t'en sors avec un salaire comme ça?;

∎ they get by as best they can ils se débrouillent ou s'en sortent tant bien que mal;

∎ we can get by without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (move past)

∎ can you get by the washing machine? est-ce que vous avez assez de place pour passer à côté de la machine à laver?

(b) (escape attention of → censor, editor) échapper à;

∎ her film got by the censors son film a échappé à l'attention de la censure

➲ get down

1 intransitive verb

descendre;

∎ get down off that chair! descends de cette chaise!;

∎ may I get down (from the table)? (leave the table) puis-je sortir de table?;

∎ they got down on their knees ils se sont mis à genoux;

∎ get down! (hide) couchez-vous!; (to dog) bas les pattes!

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (bring, fetch down → book from shelf etc) descendre

(b) (reduce → temperature, inflation etc) faire baisser;

∎ to get one's weight down perdre du poids

(c) (write down) noter;

∎ I didn't manage to get down what she said je n'ai pas réussi à noter ce qu'elle a dit

(d) (depress) déprimer, démoraliser;

∎ work is really getting me down at the moment le travail me déprime vraiment en ce moment;

∎ this rainy weather gets him down cette pluie lui fiche le cafard;

∎ don't let it get you down ne te laisse pas abattre

(e) (swallow) avaler, faire descendre

➲ get down to inseparable transitive verb

se mettre à;

∎ I have to get down to balancing the books il faut que je me mette à faire les comptes;

∎ it's not so difficult once you get down to it ce n'est pas si difficile une fois qu'on s'y met;

∎ he got down to working on it this morning il s'y est mis ou s'y est attelé ce matin;

∎ it's hard getting down to work after the weekend c'est difficile de reprendre le travail après le week-end;

∎ we eventually got down to details nous avons fini par en arriver aux détails;

∎ when you get down to it, there's very little difference between them en fin de compte, il y a très peu de différence entre eux

➲ get in

1 intransitive verb

(a) (into building) entrer;

∎ the thief got in through the window le cambrioleur est entré par la fenêtre;

∎ a car pulled up and she got in une voiture s'est arrêtée et elle est montée dedans;

∎ water had got in everywhere l'eau avait pénétré partout

(b) (return home) rentrer;

∎ we got in about 4 a.m. nous sommes rentrés vers 4 heures du matin

(c) (arrive) arriver;

∎ what time does your plane get in? à quelle heure ton avion arrive-t-il?

(d) (be admitted → to club) se faire admettre; (→ to school, university) entrer, être admis ou reçu;

∎ he applied to Oxford but he didn't get in il voulait entrer à Oxford mais il n'a pas pu

(e) (be elected → person) être élu; (→ party) accéder au pouvoir

(f) familiar (become involved) participer^□ ;

∎ she got in at the beginning elle est arrivée au début^□

(g) (interject) glisser;

∎ "what about me?" she managed to get in "et moi?" réussit-elle à glisser

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (fit in)

∎ I hope to get in a bit of reading on holiday j'espère pouvoir lire ou que je trouverai le temps de lire pendant mes vacances;

∎ she got in some last-minute revision before the exam elle a réussi à faire des révisions de dernière minute avant l'examen

(b) (insert) faire pénétrer;

∎ I couldn't get a word in je n'ai pas pu placer un mot, je n'ai pas pu en placer une

(c) (collect, gather → crops) rentrer, engranger; (→ debts) recouvrer; (→ taxes) percevoir

(d) (lay in)

∎ I must get in some more coal je dois faire une provision de charbon;

∎ to get in supplies s'approvisionner

(e) (call in → doctor, plumber) faire venir; (→ dog, cat) faire rentrer;

∎ shouldn't Elaine be in on this meeting? - of course, could you get her in? on n'a pas besoin d'Elaine pour cette réunion? - si, bien sûr, tu peux lui demander de venir?

(f) (hand in, submit) rendre, remettre;

∎ did you get your application in on time? as-tu remis ton dossier de candidature à temps?

(g) (cause to be admitted → to club, university) faire admettre ou accepter; (cause to be elected) faire élire

(h) (plant → seeds) planter, semer; (→ bulbs, plants) planter

(i) British familiar (pay for, stand) payer^□, offrir^□ ;

∎ he got the next round in il a payé la tournée suivante

3 inseparable transitive verb

(building) entrer dans; (vehicle) monter dans;

∎ he had just got in the door when the phone rang il venait juste d'arriver ou d'entrer quand le téléphone a sonné

➲ get in on

1 inseparable transitive verb

∎ to get in on a deal prendre part à un marché;

∎ to get in on the fun se mettre de la partie

2 separable transitive verb

faire participer à;

∎ he got me in on the deal il m'a intéressé à l'affaire

➲ get into

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (building) entrer dans; (vehicle) monter dans

(b) (arrive in) arriver à;

∎ we get into Madrid at 3 o'clock nous arrivons à Madrid à 3 heures;

∎ the train got into the station le train est entré en gare

(c) (put on → dress, shirt, shoes) mettre; (→ trousers, stockings) enfiler, mettre; (→ coat) endosser;

∎ she got into her clothes elle a mis ses vêtements ou s'est habillée;

∎ can you still get into your jeans? est-ce que tu rentres encore dans ton jean?

(d) (be admitted to → club, school, university) entrer dans;

∎ he'd like to get into the club il voudrait devenir membre du club;

∎ her daughter got into medical school sa fille a été admise dans ou est entrée dans une école de médecine;

∎ to get into office être élu

(e) (become involved in)

∎ he wants to get into politics il veut se lancer dans la politique;

∎ they got into a conversation about South Africa ils se sont mis à parler de l'Afrique du Sud;

∎ we got into a fight over who had to do the dishes nous nous sommes disputés pour savoir qui devait faire la vaisselle;

∎ this is not the moment to get into that ce n'est pas le moment de parler de ça

(f) familiar (take up) s'intéresser à^□ ;

∎ he got into Eastern religions il a commencé à s'intéresser aux religions orientales;

∎ it's a hard book to get into c'est un livre dans lequel il est difficile de rentrer ^□

(g) (become accustomed to)

∎ he soon got into her way of doing things il s'est vite fait ou s'est vite mis à sa façon de faire les choses

(h) (experience a specified condition or state)

∎ to get into debt s'endetter;

∎ he got into a real mess il s'est mis dans un vrai pétrin;

∎ the children were always getting into mischief les enfants passaient leur temps à faire des bêtises;

∎ I got into a real state about the test j'étais dans tous mes états à cause du test;

∎ she got into trouble with the teacher elle a eu des ennuis avec le professeur

(i) (cause to act strangely) prendre;

∎ what's got into you? qu'est-ce qui te prend?, quelle mouche te pique?;

∎ I wonder what got into him to make him act like that je me demande ce qui l'a poussé à réagir comme ça

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (insert into)

∎ to get sth into sth (faire) (r)entrer qch dans qch;

∎ to get the key into the lock mettre ou introduire la clef dans la serrure;

∎ to get an article into a paper faire accepter un article par un journal;

∎ to get an idea into one's head se mettre une idée en tête;

∎ familiar when will you get it into your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?^□

(b) (cause to be admitted to → club) faire entrer à; (→ school, university) faire entrer dans;

∎ he got his friend into the club il a permis à son ami de devenir membre du club;

∎ the president got his son into Harvard le président a fait entrer ou accepter ou admettre son fils à Harvard

(c) (cause to be in a specified condition or state) mettre;

∎ she got herself into a terrible state elle s'est mis dans tous ses états;

∎ he got them into a lot of trouble il leur a attiré de gros ennuis

(d) (involve in) impliquer dans, entraîner dans;

∎ you're the one who got us into this c'est toi qui nous as embarqués dans cette histoire

(e) familiar (make interested in) faire découvrir^□ ; (accustom to) habituer à^□, faire prendre l'habitude de^□ ;

∎ he got me into jazz il m'a initié au jazz^□

➲ get in with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (ingratiate oneself with) s'insinuer dans ou s'attirer les bonnes grâces de, se faire bien voir de;

∎ they tried to get in with the new director ils ont essayé de se faire bien voir du nouveau directeur

(b) (associate with → person, group etc) fréquenter;

∎ he has got in with a new gang il n'est pas plus avec la même bande;

∎ she got in with the wrong crowd at school elle avait de mauvaises fréquentations à l'école

➲ get off

1 intransitive verb

(a) (leave bus, train etc) descendre;

∎ get off at the next stop descendez au prochain arrêt;

∎ familiar I told him where to get off! je l'ai envoyé sur les roses!, je l'ai envoyé promener!;

∎ familiar where do you get off telling me what to do? qu'est-ce qui te prend de me dicter ce que je dois faire?

(b) (depart → person) s'en aller, partir; (→ car) démarrer; (→ plane) décoller; (→ letter, parcel) partir;

∎ I have to be getting off to work il faut que j'aille au travail;

∎ figurative the project got off to a bad/good start le projet a pris un mauvais/bon départ

(c) (leave work) finir, s'en aller; (take time off) se libérer;

∎ what time do you get off? à quelle heure finissez-vous?;

∎ can you get off early tomorrow? peux-tu quitter le travail de bonne heure demain?

(d) (escape punishment) s'en sortir, s'en tirer, en être quitte;

∎ she didn't think she'd get off so lightly elle n'espérait pas s'en tirer à si bon compte;

∎ the students got off with a fine/warning les étudiants en ont été quittes pour une amende/un avertissement

(e) (let go of something) lâcher;

∎ hey! get off! that's MY book! hé! laisse ça! c'est mon livre ou c'est à moi ce livre!

(f) (go to sleep) s'endormir

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (leave → bus, train, plane etc) descendre de

(b) (descend from → bike, wall, chair etc) descendre de;

∎ he got off his horse il est descendu de cheval;

∎ if only the boss would get off my back si seulement le patron me fichait la paix

(c) (depart from) partir de, décamper de;

∎ get off my property fichez le camp de chez moi;

∎ get off the grass! ne marche pas sur la pelouse!;

∎ we got off the road to let the ambulance pass nous sommes sortis de la route pour laisser passer l'ambulance

(d) (let go of)

∎ get off me! laisse-moi tranquille!, lâche-moi!

(e) (escape from) se libérer de; (avoid) échapper à;

∎ she managed to get off work elle a réussi à se libérer;

∎ how did you get off doing the housework? comment as-tu fait pour échapper au ménage?

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (cause to leave, climb down) faire descendre;

∎ get the cat off the table fais descendre le chat de (sur) la table;

∎ the conductor got the passengers off the train le conducteur a fait descendre les passagers du train;

∎ figurative try to get her mind off her troubles essaie de lui changer les idées

(b) (send) envoyer, faire partir;

∎ I want to get this letter off je veux expédier cette lettre ou mettre cette lettre à la poste;

∎ she got the boys off to school elle a expédié ou envoyé les garçons à l'école;

∎ we got him off on the morning train nous l'avons mis au train du matin

(c) (remove → clothing, lid) enlever, ôter; (→ stains) faire partir ou disparaître, enlever;

∎ I can't get this ink off my hands je n'arrive pas à faire partir cette encre de mes mains;

∎ get your hands off that cake! ne touche pas à ce gâteau!;

∎ get your hands off me! ne me touche pas!;

∎ get your feet off the table! enlève tes pieds de sur la table!;

∎ figurative he'd like to get that house off his hands il aimerait bien se débarrasser de cette maison

(d) (free from punishment) tirer d'affaire; (in court) faire acquitter;

∎ he'll need a good lawyer to get him off il lui faudra un bon avocat pour se tirer d'affaire;

∎ to get sb off doing sth dispenser qn de faire qch

(e) (put to sleep) endormir;

∎ I've just managed to get the baby off (to sleep) je viens de réussir à endormir le bébé

(f) (have as holiday)

∎ to get a day/week off prendre un jour/une semaine de congé;

∎ can you get tomorrow afternoon/next week off? est-ce que tu peux prendre un congé demain après-midi/la semaine prochaine?

(g) (obtain)

∎ to get sth off sb obtenir qch de qn;

∎ I got that story off the woman next door je tiens cette histoire de la voisine;

∎ I got this cold off the woman next door la voisine m'a passé son rhume

➲ get off on inseparable transitive verb

(a) familiar (sexually)

∎ he gets off on pornographic films il prend son pied en regardant des films pornos;

∎ is that what you get off on? c'est comme ça que tu prends ton pied?;

∎ figurative he gets off on teasing people il adore taquiner les gens^□ ;

∎ I really get off on hip-hop! j'adore le hip-hop!^□

(b) very familiar drugs slang

∎ he gets off on heroin il se défonce à l'héroïne

➲ get off with inseparable transitive verb

British familiar

∎ to get off with sb faire une touche avec qn

➲ get on

1 intransitive verb

(a) (on bus, plane, train) monter; (on ship) monter à bord

(b) (fare, manage)

∎ how's your husband getting on? comment va votre mari?;

∎ how did he get on at the interview? comment s'est passé son entretien?, comment ça a marché pour son entretien?;

∎ you'll get on far better if you think about it first tout ira mieux si tu réfléchis avant

(c) (make progress) avancer, progresser;

∎ Jennifer is getting on very well in maths Jennifer se débrouille très bien en maths;

∎ how's your work getting on? ça avance, ton travail?

(d) (succeed) réussir, arriver;

∎ to get on in life or in the world faire son chemin ou réussir dans la vie;

∎ some say that in order to get on, you often have to compromise il y a des gens qui disent que pour réussir (dans la vie), il faut souvent faire des compromis

(e) (continue) continuer;

∎ we must be getting on il faut que nous partions;

∎ do you think we can get on with the meeting now? croyez-vous que nous puissions poursuivre notre réunion maintenant?;

∎ get on with your work! allez! au travail!;

∎ they got on with the job ils se sont remis au travail

(f) (be on good terms) s'entendre;

∎ my mother and I get on well je m'entends bien avec ma mère;

∎ they don't get on ils ne s'entendent pas;

∎ she's never got on with him elle ne s'est jamais entendue avec lui;

∎ to be difficult/easy to get on with être difficile/facile à vivre

(g) (grow late → time)

∎ time's getting on il se fait tard;

∎ it was getting on in the evening, the evening was getting on la soirée tirait à sa fin

(h) (grow old → person) se faire vieux (vieille);

∎ she's getting on (in years) elle commence à se faire vieille

(i) (idioms)

∎ get on with it! (continue speaking) continuez!; (continue working) allez! au travail!; (hurry up) mais dépêchez-vous enfin!;

∎ familiar get on with you! (I don't believe you) à d'autres!

2 inseparable transitive verb

(bus, train) monter dans; (plane) monter dans, monter à bord de; (ship) monter à bord de; (bed, horse, table, bike) monter sur;

∎ he got on his bike il est monté sur ou il a enfourché son vélo;

∎ get on your feet levez-vous, mettez-vous debout;

∎ how did these papers get on my desk? comment est-ce que ces papiers se sont retrouvés ou sont arrivés sur mon bureau?;

∎ figurative it took the patient a while to get (back) on his feet le patient a mis longtemps à se remettre

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (help onto → bus, train) faire monter dans; (→ bed, bike, horse, table) faire monter sur;

∎ they got him on his feet ils l'ont mis debout;

∎ figurative the doctor got her on her feet le médecin l'a remise sur pied

(b) (coat, gloves, shoes) mettre, enfiler; (lid) mettre;

∎ I can't get these trousers on any more je n'entre plus dans ce pantalon

(c) American familiar

∎ to get it on (with sb) (have sex) s'envoyer en l'air (avec qn); (fight) se friter (avec qn);

∎ to get it on (get started) s'y mettre^□

➲ get on for inseparable transitive verb

∎ the president is getting on for sixty le président approche de la soixantaine ou a presque soixante ans;

∎ it's getting on for midnight il est presque minuit, il n'est pas loin de minuit;

∎ it's getting on for three weeks since we saw her ça va faire bientôt trois semaines que nous ne l'avons pas vue;

∎ there were getting on for ten thousand demonstrators il n'y avait pas loin ou il y avait près de dix mille manifestants

➲ get onto

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) = get on inseparable transitive verb

(b) (turn attention to)

∎ to get onto a subject or onto a topic aborder un sujet;

∎ how did we get onto reincarnation? comment est-ce qu'on en est venus à parler de réincarnation?;

∎ I'll get right onto it! je vais m'y mettre tout de suite!

(c) (contact) prendre contact avec, se mettre en rapport avec; (speak to) parler à; (call) téléphoner à, donner un coup de fil à

(d) familiar (become aware of) découvrir^□ ;

∎ the plan worked well until the police got onto it le plan marchait bien jusqu'à ce que la police tombe dessus

(e) (nag, rebuke) harceler;

∎ his father is always getting onto him to find a job son père est toujours à le harceler pour qu'il trouve du travail

(f) (be elected to)

∎ he got onto the school board il a été élu au conseil d'administration de l'école

2 separable transitive verb

(a) = get on separable transitive verb

(a)

(b) (cause to talk about) faire parler de, amener à parler de;

∎ we got him onto (the subject of) his activities in the Resistance nous l'avons amené à parler de ses activités dans la Résistance

➲ get out

1 intransitive verb

(a) (leave building, room etc) sortir; (leave vehicle) descendre; (leave organization, town) quitter;

∎ he got out of the car il est sorti de la voiture;

∎ to get out of bed se lever, sortir de son lit;

∎ you'd better get out of here tu ferais bien de partir ou sortir;

∎ get out! sortez!;

∎ get out of here! (leave) sortez d'ici!; American familiar (I don't believe it) mon œil!;

∎ to get out while the going is good partir au bon moment

(b) (go out) sortir;

∎ they don't get out much ils ne sortent pas beaucoup

(c) (be released from prison, hospital) sortir

(d) (information, news) se répandre, s'ébruiter;

∎ the secret got out le secret a été éventé

(e) (escape) s'échapper;

∎ the prisoner got out of his cell le prisonnier s'est échappé de sa cellule;

∎ he was lucky to get out alive il a eu de la chance de s'en sortir vivant

(f) American (empty)

∎ theaters were getting out les gens sortaient des théâtres

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (bring out → champagne, furniture, books, car) sortir; (person) (faire) sortir;

∎ to get a book out from the library emprunter un livre à la bibliothèque

(b) (produce, publish → book) publier, sortir; (→ list) établir, dresser

(c) (speak with difficulty) prononcer, sortir;

∎ I could barely get a word out c'est à peine si je pouvais dire ou prononcer ou sortir un mot;

∎ familiar to get out from under s'en sortir^□, s'en tirer^□

(d) (free → hostages etc) libérer

(e) (remove) enlever; (nail etc) arracher; (cork) retirer; (stain) faire disparaître

(f) Sport (in cricket → batsman) renverser le guichet à

➲ get out of

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (leave → building) sortir de; (car, train) descendre de;

∎ let's get out of here partons d'ici;

∎ he managed to get out of the country (criminal, refugee) il a réussi à quitter le pays;

∎ to get out of bed se lever;

∎ to get out of prison/the army sortir de prison/quitter l'armée;

∎ to get out of sb's way s'écarter du chemin de qn, faire place à qn;

∎ very familiar get the hell out of here! fiche(-moi) le camp!

(b) (avoid) éviter, échapper à; (obligation) se dérober ou se soustraire à;

∎ how did you get out of doing the dishes? comment as-tu pu échapper à la vaisselle?;

∎ he tried to get out of helping me il a essayé de se débrouiller pour ne pas devoir m'aider;

∎ we have to go, there's no getting out of it il faut qu'on y aille, il n'y a rien à faire ou il n'y a pas moyen d'y échapper;

∎ there's no getting out of it, you were the better candidate il faut le reconnaître ou il n'y a pas à dire, vous étiez le meilleur candidat

(c) (escape from)

∎ to get out of trouble se tirer d'affaire;

∎ they managed to get out of the clutches of the mafia ils ont réussi à se tirer des griffes de la mafia;

∎ how can I get out of this mess? comment puis-je me tirer de ce pétrin?

(d) (become unaccustomed to)

∎ to get out of (the habit of) doing sth perdre l'habitude de faire qch

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (take out of) sortir de;

∎ get the baby out of the house every now and then sors le bébé de temps en temps;

∎ she got a handkerchief out of her handbag elle a sorti un mouchoir de son sac à main;

∎ how many books did you get out of the library? combien de livres as-tu emprunté à ou sorti de la bibliothèque?

(b) (help to avoid)

∎ the lawyer got his client out of jail l'avocat a fait sortir son client de prison;

∎ figurative the phone call got her out of having to talk to me le coup de fil lui a évité d'avoir à me parler;

∎ he'll never get himself out of this one! il ne s'en sortira jamais!;

∎ my confession got him out of trouble ma confession l'a tiré d'affaire

(c) (extract → cork) sortir de; (→ nail, splinter) enlever de; (→ stain) faire partir de, enlever de;

∎ I can't get the cork out of the bottle je n'arrive pas à déboucher la bouteille;

∎ the police got a confession/the truth out of him la police lui a arraché une confession/la vérité;

∎ we got the money out of him nous avons réussi à obtenir l'argent de lui;

∎ I can't get anything out of him je ne peux rien tirer de lui;

∎ I can't get the idea out of my mind je ne peux pas chasser cette idée de mon esprit

(d) (gain from) gagner, retirer;

∎ to get a lot out of sth tirer (un) grand profit de qch;

∎ I didn't get much out of that class ce cours ne m'a pas apporté grand-chose, je n'ai pas retiré grand-chose de ce cours;

∎ the job was difficult but she got something out of it la tâche était difficile, mais elle y a trouvé son compte ou en a tiré profit

➲ get over

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (cross → river, street) traverser, franchir; (→ fence, wall) franchir, passer par-dessus

(b) (recover from → illness) se remettre de, guérir de; (→ accident) se remettre de; (→ loss) se remettre de, se consoler de;

∎ I'll never get over her je ne l'oublierai jamais;

∎ he can't get over her death il n'arrive pas à se remettre de sa mort ou disparition;

∎ we couldn't get over our surprise nous n'arrivions pas à nous remettre de notre surprise;

∎ I can't get over how much he's grown! qu'est-ce qu'il a grandi, je n'en reviens pas!;

∎ I can't get over it! je n'en reviens pas!;

∎ he couldn't get over the fact that she had come back il n'en revenait pas qu'elle soit revenue;

∎ I can't get over your having refused je n'en reviens pas que vous ayez refusé;

∎ he'll get over it! il n'en mourra pas!

(c) (master, overcome → obstacle) surmonter; (→ difficulty) surmonter, venir à bout de;

∎ they soon got over their shyness ils ont vite oublié ou surmonté leur timidité

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (cause to cross) faire traverser

(b) (communicate → idea, message) faire passer

3 intransitive verb

(a) (cross) traverser;

∎ to get over to France/America aller en France/Amérique;

∎ we'll try to get over next weekend (to visit) nous essayerons de venir vous voir le week-end prochain

(b) (idea, message) passer

➲ get over with inseparable transitive verb

(finish with) en finir avec;

∎ let's get it over with finissons-en;

∎ I expect you'll be glad to get it over with j'imagine que vous serez soulagé quand ce sera terminé

➲ get round

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) = get around

(b) (exhibition, museum) faire le tour de; (corner) passer

2 separable transitive verb

∎ (bring, take) I'll get the books round (to you) as soon as I can je t'apporterai les livres dès que je le pourrai

3 intransitive verb

(a) = get about

(b) the doctor said she'd get round as soon as she could le docteur a dit qu'elle viendrait ou passerait dès qu'elle pourrait;

∎ I didn't manage to get round to each pupil in the class je n'ai pas réussi à m'occuper de chaque élève de la classe

➲ get round to inseparable transitive verb

= get around to

➲ get through

1 intransitive verb

(a) (reach destination) parvenir;

∎ the road was blocked and no one could get through la route était bloquée et personne ne pouvait passer;

∎ they managed to get through to the wounded ils ont réussi à parvenir jusqu'aux blessés;

∎ the letter got through to her la lettre lui est parvenue;

∎ the message didn't get through le message n'est pas arrivé;

∎ despite the crowds, I managed to get through malgré la foule, j'ai réussi à passer

(b) (candidate, student → succeed) réussir; (→ in exam) être reçu, réussir;

∎ the team got through to the final l'équipe s'est classée pour la finale

(c) (bill, motion) passer, être adopté ou voté

(d) (make oneself understood) se faire comprendre;

∎ I can't seem to get through to her elle et moi ne sommes pas sur la même longueur d'onde

(e) (contact) contacter; Telecommunications obtenir la communication;

∎ I can't get through to his office je n'arrive pas à avoir son bureau

(f) American (finish) finir, terminer;

∎ call me when you get through appelez-moi quand vous aurez ou avez fini

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (come through → hole, window) passer par; (→ crowd) se frayer un chemin à travers ou dans; (→ military lines) percer, franchir

(b) (survive → storm, winter) survivre à; (→ difficulty) se sortir de, se tirer de;

∎ he got through it alive il s'en est sorti (vivant)

(c) (complete, finish → book) finir, terminer; (→ job, project) achever, venir à bout de;

∎ I got through an enormous amount of work j'ai abattu beaucoup de travail;

∎ it took us one week to get through the entire play il nous a fallu une semaine pour venir à bout de la pièce

(d) (consume, use up) consommer, utiliser;

∎ we get through a litre of olive oil a week nous utilisons un litre d'huile d'olive par semaine;

∎ they got through their monthly salary in one week en une semaine ils avaient dépensé tout leur salaire du mois;

∎ he gets through eight shirts a week il salit huit chemises par semaine;

∎ we'll never get through all this food nous ne viendrons jamais à bout de toute cette nourriture

(e) (endure, pass → time) faire passer;

∎ how will I get through this without you? comment pourrai-je vivre cette épreuve sans toi?;

∎ they got through the day without a single argument ils ne se sont pas disputés une seule fois de toute la journée;

∎ the Government may have difficulty getting through another six months le gouvernement aura peut-être du mal à tenir encore six mois

(f) (exam) réussir, être reçu à

(g) (of bill, motion) passer;

∎ the bill got through both Houses le projet de loi a été adopté par les deux Chambres

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (transport, send successfully) faire parvenir;

∎ they got the food supplies through ils ont réussi à faire parvenir les provisions alimentaires (à destination);

∎ to get sth through customs (faire) passer qch à la douane;

∎ you'll never get that desk through tu n'arriveras jamais à faire passer ce bureau

(b) (transmit → message) faire passer, transmettre, faire parvenir;

∎ can you get this letter through to my family? pouvez-vous transmettre ou faire parvenir cette lettre à ma famille?

(c) (make understood)

∎ I finally got it through to him that I wasn't interested j'ai fini par lui faire comprendre que je n'étais pas intéressé;

∎ familiar when will you get it through your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?^□

(d) (bill, motion) faire adopter, faire passer;

∎ the party got the bill through the Senate le parti a fait voter ou adopter le projet de loi par le Sénat

(e) (cause to succeed)

∎ it was your essay that got you through (the exam) c'est grâce à ta dissertation que tu as réussi l'examen

(f) (enable to endure)

∎ I need four cups of coffee to get me through the day il me faut mes quatre tasses de café par jour

➲ get through with inseparable transitive verb

terminer, finir

➲ get to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (reach) arriver à;

∎ where have you got to? (in book, work) où en es-tu?;

∎ it got to the point where he couldn't walk another step il en est arrivé au point de ne plus pouvoir faire un pas

(b) (deal with) s'occuper de;

∎ I'll get to you in a minute je suis à toi ou je m'occupe de toi dans quelques secondes;

∎ he'll get to it tomorrow il va s'en occuper demain

(c) familiar (have an effect on)

∎ that music really gets to me (moves me) cette musique me touche vraiment^□ ; (annoys me) cette musique me tape sur le système;

∎ don't let it get to you! ne t'énerve pas pour ça!

(d) American familiar

∎ they got to the witness (bribed) ils ont acheté le témoin; (killed) ils ont descendu le témoin

➲ get together

1 intransitive verb

(a) (meet) se réunir, se rassembler;

∎ can we get together after the meeting? on peut se retrouver après la réunion?

(b) (reach an agreement) se mettre d'accord;

∎ the committee got together on the date les membres du comité se sont entendus ou se sont mis d'accord sur la date;

∎ you'd better get together with him on the proposal vous feriez bien de vous entendre avec lui au sujet de la proposition

2 separable transitive verb

(people) réunir, rassembler; (things) rassembler, ramasser; (thoughts) rassembler;

∎ to get some money together réunir une somme d'argent;

∎ let me get my thoughts together laissez-moi rassembler mes idées;

∎ familiar to get one's act together se secouer;

∎ familiar she's really got it together (in life) elle sait ce qu'elle fait^□ ; (in job etc) elle domine son sujet^□ ;

∎ familiar I never thought he would get it together je n'aurais jamais pensé qu'il y arriverait^□

➲ get up

1 intransitive verb

(a) (arise from bed) se lever;

∎ it was 6 o'clock when we got up il était 6 heures quand nous nous sommes levés;

∎ I like to get up late on Sundays j'aime faire la grasse matinée le dimanche;

∎ get up! sors du lit!, debout!, lève-toi!

(b) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;

∎ she had to get up from her chair elle a été obligée de se lever de sa chaise;

∎ to get up from the table se lever ou sortir de table;

∎ get up off the floor! relève-toi!;

∎ please don't bother getting up restez assis, je vous prie

(c) (climb up) monter;

∎ they got up on the roof ils sont montés sur le toit;

∎ she got up behind him on the motorcycle elle est montée derrière lui sur la moto

(d) (of wind) se lever

(e) (to horse)

∎ get up! allez!

2 inseparable transitive verb

(stairs) monter; (ladder, tree) monter à; (hill) gravir

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (cause to rise to feet) faire lever; (awaken) réveiller

(b) (move up) monter;

∎ how are we going to get this desk up to the fifth floor? comment allons-nous monter ce bureau jusqu'au cinquième étage?;

∎ to get sb up the stairs (help climb) aider qn à monter l'escalier

(c) (generate, work up)

∎ to get up speed gagner de la vitesse;

∎ to get one's courage up rassembler son courage;

∎ I can't get up any enthusiasm for the job je n'arrive pas à éprouver d'enthousiasme pour ce travail

(d) familiar (organize → entertainment, party) organiser^□, monter^□ ; (→ petition) organiser^□ ; (→ play) monter^□ ; (→ excuse, story) fabriquer^□, forger^□

(e) (dress up) habiller; (in costume) déguiser;

∎ their children are always so nicely got up leurs enfants sont toujours si bien habillés;

∎ to get oneself up se mettre sur son trente et un

(f) familiar (study → subject) bûcher, travailler^□ ; (→ notes, speech) préparer^□

(g) very familiar (idiom)

∎ to get it up bander

➲ get up to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (do) faire;

∎ he gets up to all kinds of mischief il fait des tas de bêtises;

∎ what have you been getting up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens?

(b) (reach)

∎ I've got up to chapter 5 j'en suis au chapitre 5;

∎ where have you got up to? (in book, work) où en êtes-vous?

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > get
10 the

abandon the takeoff
прекращать взлет
abeam the left pilot position
на левом траверзе
abeam the right pilot position
на правом траверзе
abort the flight
прерывать полет
abort the takeoff
прерывать взлет
above the glide slope
выше глиссады
absorb the shock energy
поглощать энергию удара
accelerate the rotor
раскручивать ротор
accelerate to the speed
разгонять до скорости
adhere to the flight plan
придерживаться плана полета
adhere to the track
придерживаться заданного курса
adjust the cable
регулировать трос
adjust the compass
устранять девиацию компаса
adjust the engine
регулировать двигатель до заданных параметров
adjust the heading
корректировать курс
advice to follow the controller's advance
выполнять указание диспетчера
affect the regularity
влиять на регулярность
affect the safety
влиять на безопасность
align the aircraft
устанавливать воздушное судно
align the aircraft with the center line
устанавливать воздушное судно по оси
align the aircraft with the runway
устанавливать воздушное судно по оси ВПП
alter the heading
менять курс
amplify the signal
усиливать сигнал
apparent drift of the gyro
кажущийся уход гироскопа
apply the brake
применять тормоз
approach the beam
приближаться к лучу
approve the limitations
утверждать ограничения
approve the tariff
утверждать тариф
area of coverage of the forecasts
район обеспечения прогнозами
arrest the development of the stall
препятствовать сваливанию
arrive over the aerodrome
прибывать в зону аэродрома
assess the damage
определять стоимость повреждения
assess the distance
оценивать расстояние
assess the suitability
оценивать пригодность
assume the control
брать управление на себя
attain the power
достигать заданной мощности
attain the speed
развивать заданную скорость
at the end of
в конце цикла
at the end of segment
в конце участка
(полета) at the end of stroke
в конце хода
(поршня) at the ground level
на уровне земли
at the start of cycle
в начале цикла
at the start of segment
в начале участка
(полета) avoid the obstacle
избегать столкновения с препятствием
backward movement of the stick
взятие ручки на себя
balance the aircraft
балансировать воздушное судно
balance the control surface
балансировать поверхность управления
balance the propeller
балансировать воздушный винт
bear on the accident
иметь отношение к происшествию
before the turbine
перед турбиной
below the glide slope
ниже глиссады
below the landing minima
ниже посадочного минимума
bend the cotterpin ends
загибать усики шплинта
be off the track
уклоняться от заданного курса
be on the level on the hour
занимать эшелон по нулям
block the brake
ставить на тормоз
boundary of the area
граница зоны
brake the propeller
стопорить воздушный винт
break the journey
прерывать полет
bring the aircraft back
возвращать воздушное судно
bring the aircraft out
выводить воздушное судно из крена
by altering the heading
путем изменения курса
cage the gyroscope
арретировать гироскоп
calibrate the compass
списывать девиацию компаса
calibrate the indicator
тарировать прибор
calibrate the system
тарировать систему
calibrate the tank
тарировать бак
cancel the drift
парировать снос
cancel the flight
отменять полет
cancel the forecast
аннулировать сообщенный прогноз
cancel the signal
прекращать подачу сигнала
capture the beam
захватывать луч
carry out a circuit of the aerodrome
выполнять круг полета над аэродромом
carry out the flight
выполнять полет
center the autopilot
центрировать автопилот
center the wiper
центрировать щетку
change the frequency
изменять частоту
change the pitch
изменять шаг
change the track
изменять линию пути
check the reading
проверять показания
chop the power
внезапно изменять режим
circle the aerodrome
летать по кругу над аэродромом
clean the aircraft
убирать механизацию крыла воздушного судна
clean up the crack
зачищать трещину
clearance of the aircraft
разрешение воздушному судну
clearance over the threshold
безопасная высота пролета порога
clear for the left-hand turn
давать разрешение на левый разворот
clear the aircraft
давать разрешение воздушному судну
clear the obstacle
устранять препятствие
clear the point
пролетать над заданной точкой
clear the runway
освобождать ВПП
climb on the course
набирать высоту при полете по курсу
close the buckets
закрывать створки
close the circuit
замыкать цепь
close the flight
заканчивать регистрацию на рейс
come clear of the ground
отрываться от земли
commence the flight
начинать полет
commence the landing procedure
начинать посадку
compare the readings
сравнивать показания
compensate the compass
устранять девиацию компаса
compensate the error
списывать девиацию
compile the accident report
составлять отчет об авиационном происшествии
complete the circuit
закольцовывать
complete the flight
завершать полет
complete the flight plan
составлять план полета
complete the turn
завершать разворот
compute the visual range
вычислять дальность видимости
conditions beyond the experience
условия, по сложности превосходящие квалификацию пилота
conditions on the route
условия по заданному маршруту
considering the obstacles
учет препятствий
construct the procedure
разрабатывать схему
containerize the cargo
упаковывать груз в контейнере
continue operating on the fuel reserve
продолжать полет на аэронавигационном запасе топлива
continue the flight
продолжать полет
continue the takeoff
продолжать взлет
contribute towards the safety
способствовать повышению безопасности
control the aircraft
управлять воздушным судном
control the pitch
управлять шагом
convert the frequency
преобразовывать частоту
convey the information
передавать информацию
correct the trouble
устранять отказ
correspond with the operating minima
соответствовать эксплуатационному минимуму
counteract the rotor torque
уравновешивать крутящий момент несущего винта
coverage of the chart
картографируемый район
cover the route
пробегать по полному маршруту
crosscheck the readings
сверять показания
cross the airway
пересекать авиатрассу
data on the performance
координаты характеристики
decelerate in the flight
гасить скорость в полете
decelerate the aircraft to
снижать скорость воздушного судна до
decrease the deviation
уменьшать величину отклонения от курса
decrease the pitch
уменьшать шаг
decrease the speed
уменьшать скорость
de-energize the bus
обесточивать шину
define the failure
определять причины отказа
deflate the tire
ослаблять давление в пневматике
deflect the control surface
отклонять поверхность управления
(напр. элерон) delay the turn
затягивать разворот
delimit the runway
обозначать границы ВПП
delimit the taxiway
обозначать границы рулежной дорожки
delineate the runway
очерчивать границы ВПП
delineate the taxiway
обозначать размеры рулежной дорожки
deliver the baggage
доставлять багаж
deliver the clearance
передавать разрешение
denote the obstacle
обозначать препятствие
denoting the obstacle
обозначение препятствия
depart from the rules
отступать от установленных правил
departure from the standards
отклонение от установленных стандартов
depress the pedal
нажимать на педаль
detach the load
отцеплять груз
detach the wing
отстыковывать крыло
determinate the cause
устанавливать причину
determine amount of the error
определять величину девиации
determine the delay
устанавливать время задержки
determine the extent of damage
определять степень повреждения
determine the friction
определять величину сцепления
determine the sign of deviation
определять знак девиации
detract from the safety
снижать безопасность
development of the stall
процесс сваливания
deviate from the flight plan
отклоняться от плана полета
deviate from the glide slope
отклоняться от глиссады
deviate from the heading
отклоняться от заданного курса
deviation from the course
отклонение от заданного курса
deviation from the level flight
отклонение от линии горизонтального полета
discharge the cargo
снимать груз в контейнере
disclose the fares
опубликовывать тарифы
discontinue the takeoff
прекращать взлет
disengage the autopilot
выключать автопилот
displace the center-of-gravity
изменять центровку
disregard the indicator
пренебрегать показаниями прибора
disseminate the forecast
распространять прогноз
drain the tank
сливать из бака
draw the conclusion
подготавливать заключение
drift off the course
сносить с курса
drift off the heading
уходить с заданного курса
drop the nose
сваливаться на нос
duck below the glide path
резко снижаться относительно глиссады
ease the aircraft on
выравнивать воздушное судно
effect adversely the strength
нарушать прочность
(напр. фюзеляжа) elevation of the strip
превышение летной полосы
eliminate the cause of
устранять причину
eliminate the hazard
устранять опасную ситуацию
eliminate the ice formation
устранять обледенение
eliminate the source of danger
устранять источник опасности
(для воздушного движения) enable the aircraft to
давать воздушному судну право
endanger the aircraft
создавать опасность для воздушного судна
endange the safety
угрожать безопасности
endorse the license
делать отметку в свидетельстве
energize the bus
подавать электропитание на шину
enforce rules of the air
обеспечивать соблюдение правил полетов
engage the autopilot
включать автопилот
ensure the adequate provisions
обеспечивать соответствующие меры предосторожности
enter the aircraft
заносить воздушное судно в реестр
enter the aircraft stand
заруливать на место стоянки воздушного судна
enter the airway
выходить на авиатрассу
enter the final approach track
выходить на посадочную прямую
enter the spin
входить в штопор
enter the tariff into force
утверждать тарифную ставку
enter the traffic circuit
входить в круг движения
enter the turn
входить в разворот
entry into the aerodrome zone
вход в зону аэродрома
entry into the flare
входить в этап выравнивания
erection of the gyro
восстановление гироскопа
establish the characteristics
устанавливать характеристики
establish the flight conditions
устанавливать режим полета
establish the procedure
устанавливать порядок
exceeding the stalling angle
выход на закритический угол атаки
exceed the stop
преодолевать упор
execute the manoeuvre
выполнять маневр
execute the turn
выполнять разворот
expedite the clearance
ускорять оформление
express the altitude
четко указывать высоту
extend the agreement
продлевать срок действия соглашения
extend the landing gear
выпускать шасси
extend the legs
выпускать шасси
extreme aft the center-of-gravity
предельная задняя центровка
extreme forward the center-of-gravity
предельная передняя центровка
eye height over the threshold
уровень положения глаз над порогом ВПП
fail into the spin
срываться в штопор
fail to follow the procedure
не выполнять установленную схему
fail to observe the limitations
не соблюдать установленные ограничения
fail to provide the manuals
не обеспечивать соответствующими инструкциями
fall into the spin
срываться в штопор
feather the propeller
ставить воздушный винт во флюгерное положение
file the flight plan
регистрировать план полета
first freedom of the air
первая степень свободы воздуха
flight inbound the station
полет в направлении на станцию
flight outbound the station
полет в направлении от станции
flight over the high seas
полет над открытым морем
flight under the rules
полет по установленным правилам
fly above the weather
летать над верхней кромкой облаков
fly at the altitude
летать на заданной высоте
fly into the sun
летать против солнца
fly into the wind
летать против ветра
fly on the autopilot
летать на автопилоте
fly on the course
летать по курсу
fly on the heading
летать по курсу
fly the aircraft
1. управлять самолетом
2. пилотировать воздушное судно fly the beam
лететь по лучу
fly the circle
летать по кругу
fly the glide-slope beam
летать по глиссадному лучу
fly the great circle
летать по ортодромии
fly the heading
выполнять полет по курсу
fly the rhumb line
летать по локсодромии
fly under the autopilot
пилотировать при помощи автопилота
fly under the supervision of
летать под контролем
focus the light
фокусировать фару
follow the beam
выдерживать направление по лучу
follow the glide slope
выдерживать глиссаду
follow up the aircraft
сопровождать воздушное судно
forfeit the reservation
лишать брони
freedom of the air
степень свободы воздуха
fuel the tank
заправлять бак топливом
fulfil the conditions
выполнять условия
gain the air supremacy
завоевывать господство в воздухе
gain the altitude
набирать заданную высоту
gain the glide path
входить в глиссаду
gain the power
достигать заданной мощность
gain the speed
развивать заданную скорость
gather the speed
наращивать скорость
get into the aerodrome
приземляться на аэродроме
get on the course
выходить на заданный курс
get the height
набирать заданную высоту
give the way
уступать трассу
go out of the spin
выходить из штопора
govern the application
регулировать применение
govern the flight
управлять ходом полета
govern the operation
руководить эксплуатацией
grade of the pilot licence
класс пилотского свидетельства
guard the frequency
прослушивать частоту
handle the baggage
обслуживать багаж
handle the flight controls
оперировать органами управления полетом
have the runway in sight
четко видеть ВПП
head the aircraft into wind
направлять воздушное судно против ветра
hold on the heading
выдерживать на заданном курсе
hold over the aids
выполнять полет в зоне ожидания
hold over the beacon
выполнять полет в режиме ожидания над аэродромом
hold the aircraft on the heading
выдерживать воздушное судно на заданном курсе
hold the brake
удерживать тормоза
hold the heading on the compass
выдерживать курс по компасу
hold the position
ожидать на месте
hold the speed accurately
точно выдерживать скорость
hover at the height of
зависать на высоте
hovering in the ground effect
висение в зоне влияния земли
identify the aerodrome from the air
опознавать аэродром с воздуха
identify the aircraft
опознавать воздушное судно
identify the center line
обозначать осевую линию
impair the operation
нарушать работу
impair the safety
снижать безопасность
impose the limitations
налагать ограничения
in computing the fuel
при расчете количества топлива
in conformity with the specifications
в соответствии с техническими условиями
increase a camber of the profile
увеличивать кривизну профиля
increase the pitch
увеличивать шаг
increase the speed
увеличивать скорость
indicate the location from the air
определять местоположение с воздуха
inherent in the aircraft
свойственный воздушному судну
initiate the turn
входить в разворот
install in the aircraft
устанавливать на борту воздушного судна
install on the aircraft
монтировать на воздушном судне
intercept the beam
выходить на ось луча
intercept the glide slope
захватывать луч глиссады
International Relations Department of the Ministry of Civil Aviation
Управление внешних сношений Министерства гражданской авиации
interpretation of the signal
расшифровка сигнала
in the case of delay
в случае задержки
in the event of a mishap
в случае происшествия
in the event of malfunction
в случая отказа
introduction of the corrections
ввод поправок
issue the certificate
выдавать сертификат
jeopardize the flight
подвергать полет опасности
judge the safety
оценивать степень опасности
keep clear of the aircraft
держаться на безопасном расстоянии от воздушного судна
keep out of the way
не занимать трассу
keep tab on the fleet
вести учет парка
keep the aircraft on
выдерживать воздушное судно
keep the altitude
выдерживать заданную высоту
keep the ball centered
держать шарик в центре
keep the pace
выдерживать дистанцию
keep to the minima
устанавливать минимум
kick off the drift
парировать снос
kill the landing speed
гасить посадочную скорость
landing off the aerodrome
посадка вне аэродрома
land into the wind
выполнять посадку против ветра
land the aircraft
приземлять воздушное судно
latch the pitch stop
устанавливать на упор шага
(лопасти воздушного винта) latch the propeller flight stop
ставить воздушный винт на полетный упор
lateral the center-of-gravity
поперечная центровка
lay the route
прокладывать маршрут
lead in the aircraft
заруливать воздушное судно
lead out the aircraft
выруливать воздушное судно
leave the airspace
покидать данное воздушное пространство
leave the altitude
уходить с заданной высоты
leave the plane
выходить из самолета
leave the runway
освобождать ВПП
level the aircraft out
выравнивать воздушное судно
lie beyond the range
находиться вне заданного предела
line up the aircraft
выруливать воздушное судно на исполнительный старт
load the gear
загружать редуктор
load the generator
нагружать генератор
load the structure
нагружать конструкцию
lock the landing gear
ставить шасси на замки
lock the landing gear down
ставить шасси на замок выпущенного положения
lock the landing gear up
ставить шасси на замок убранного положения
lock the legs
устанавливать шасси на замки выпущенного положения
longitudinal the center-of-gravity
продольная центровка
lose the altitude
терять высоту
lose the speed
терять заданную скорость
loss the control
терять управление
lower the landing gear
выпускать шасси
lower the legs
выпускать шасси
lower the nose wheel
опускать носовое колесо
maintain the aircraft at readiness to
держать воздушное судно готовым
maintain the altitude
выдерживать заданную высоту
maintain the course
выдерживать заданный курс
maintain the flight level
выдерживать заданный эшелон полета
maintain the flight procedure
выдерживать установленный порядок полетов
maintain the flight watch
выдерживать заданный график полета
maintain the flying speed
выдерживать требуемую скорость полета
maintain the heading
выдерживать заданный курс
maintain the parameter
выдерживать заданный параметр
make a complaint against the company
подавать жалобу на компанию
make the aircraft airborne
отрывать воздушное судно от земли
make the course change
изменять курс
make the reservation
забронировать место
manipulate the flight controls
оперировать органами управления полетом
mark the obstacle
маркировать препятствие
mean scale of the chart
средний масштаб карты
meet the airworthiness standards
удовлетворять нормам летной годности
meet the conditions
выполнять требования
meet the specifications
соблюдать технические условия
misjudge the distance
неправильно оценивать расстояние
modify the flight plan
уточнять план полета
monitor the flight
следить за полетом
monitor the frequency
контролировать заданную частоту
moor the aircraft
швартовать воздушное судно
mount on the frame
монтировать на шпангоуте
move off from the rest
страгивать с места
move the blades to higher
утяжелять воздушный винт
move the pedal forward
давать педаль вперед
name-code of the route
кодирование названия маршрута
neglect the indicator
не учитывать показания прибора
note the instrument readings
отмечать показания приборов
note the time
засекать время
observe the conditions
соблюдать условия
observe the instruments
следить за показаниями приборов
observe the readings
наблюдать за показаниями
obtain the correct path
выходить на заданную траекторию
obtain the flying speed
набирать заданную скорость полета
obtain the forecast
получать прогноз
offer the capacity
предлагать объем загрузки
off-load the pump
разгружать насос
on the base leg
выполнил третий разворот
on the beam
в зоне действия луча
on the cross-wind leg
выполнил первый разворот
on the down-wind leg
выполнил второй разворот
on the eastbound leg
на участке маршрута в восточном направлении
on the final leg
выполнил четвертый разворот
on the left base leg
подхожу к четвертому с левым разворотом
on the speed
на скорости
on the upwind leg
вхожу в круг
open the buckets
открывать створки
open the circuit
размыкать цепь
open the door inward outward
открывать люк внутрь наружу
operate from the aerodrome
выполнять полеты с аэродрома
operate under the conditions
эксплуатировать в заданных условиях
overcome the obstacle
преодолевать препятствие
overcome the spring force
преодолевать усилие пружины
overflying the runway
пролет над ВПП
overpower the autopilot
пересиливать автопилот
overrun the runway
выкатываться за пределы ВПП
overshoot capture of the glide slope
поздний захват глиссадного луча
over the territory
над территорией
over the top
над верхней границей облаков
over the wing
над крылом
park in the baggage
сдавать в багаж
participation in the investigation
участие в расследовании
passing over the runway
пролет над ВПП
pass the signal
пропускать сигнал
past the turbine
за турбиной
perform the service bulletin
выполнять доработку по бюллетеню
pick up the signal
фиксировать сигнал
pick up the speed
развивать заданную скорость
pilot on the controls
пилот, управляющий воздушным судном
pitch the nose downward
опускать нос
place the aircraft
устанавливать воздушное судно
place the flaps in
устанавливать закрылки
plane of symmetry of the aeroplane
плоскость симметрии самолета
plot the aircraft
засекать воздушное судно
potential hazard to the safe
потенциальная угроза безопасности
power the bus
включать шину
present the minimum hazard
представлять минимальную опасность
preserve the clearance
сохранять запас высоты
pressurize the bearing
уплотнять опору подачей давления
produce the signal
выдавать сигнал
profitability over the route
эффективность маршрута
prolongation of the rating
продление срока действия квалификационной отметки
properly identify the aircraft
точно опознавать воздушное судно
protect the circuit
защищать цепь
prove the system
испытывать систему
pull out of the spin
выводить из штопора
pull the aircraft out of
брать штурвал на себя
pull the control column back
брать штурвал на себя
pull the control stick back
брать ручку управления на себя
pull up the helicopter
резко увеличивать подъемную силу вертолета
puncture the tire
прокалывать покрышку
push the aircraft back
буксировать воздушное судно хвостом вперед
push the aircraft down
снижать высоту полета воздушного судна
push the control column
отдавать штурвал от себя
push the control stick
отдавать ручку управления от себя
put into the spin
вводить в штопор
put on the course
выходить на заданный курс
put the aircraft into production
запускать воздушное судно в производство
put the aircraft on the course
выводить воздушное судно на заданный курс
put the aircraft over
переводить воздушное судно в горизонтальный полет
raise the landing gear
убирать шасси
reach the altitude
занимать заданную высоту
reach the flight level
занимать заданный эшелон полета
reach the glide path
входить в зону глиссады
reach the speed
достигать заданных оборотов
reach the stalling angle
выходить на критический угол
read the drift angle
отсчитывать угол сноса
read the instruments
считывать показания приборов
receive the signal
принимать сигнал
record the readings
регистрировать показания
recover from the spin
выходить из штопора
recover from the turn
выходить из разворота
recovery from the manoeuvre
выход из маневра
recovery from the stall
вывод из режима сваливания
recovery from the turn
выход из разворота
rectify the compass
устранять девиацию компаса
reduce the hazard
уменьшать опасность
reestablish the track
восстанавливать заданную линию пути
regain the glide path
возвращаться на глиссаду
regain the speed
восстанавливать скорость
regain the track
возвращаться на заданный курс
register the aircraft
регистрировать воздушное судно
release the aircraft
прекращать контроль воздушного судна
release the landing gear
снимать шасси с замков убранного положения
release the landing gear lock
снимать шасси с замка
release the load
сбрасывать груз
release the uplock
открывать замок убранного положения
relocate the plane's trim
восстанавливать балансировку самолета
remedy the defect
устранять дефект
remedy the trouble
устранять отказ
remove the aircraft
удалять воздушное судно
remove the crack
выбирать трещину
remove the tangle
распутывать
render the certificate
передавать сертификат
renew the license
возобновлять действие свидетельства или лицензии
renew the rating
возобновлять действие квалификационной отметки
replan the flight
измерять маршрут полета
report reaching the altitude
докладывать о занятии заданной высоты
report reaching the flight level
докладывать о занятии заданного эшелона полета
report the heading
сообщать курс
reset the gyroscope
восстанавливать гироскоп
restart the engine in flight
запускать двигатель в полете
restore the system
восстанавливать работу системы
restrict the operations
накладывать ограничения на полеты
resume the flight
возобновлять полет
resume the journey
возобновлять полет
retain the lever
фиксировать рукоятку
retract the landing gear
убирать шасси
return the aircraft to service
допускать воздушное судно к дальнейшей эксплуатации
reverse the propeller
переводить винт на отрицательную тягу
roll in the aircraft
вводить воздушное судно в крен
roll into the turn
входить в разворот
roll left on the heading
выходить на курс с левым разворотом
roll on the aircraft
выполнять этап пробега воздушного судна
roll on the course
выводить на заданный курс
roll out of the turn
выходить из разворота
roll out on the heading
выходить на заданный курс
roll out the aircraft
выводить воздушное судно из крена
roll right on the heading
выходить на курс с правым разворотом
rotate the aircraft
отрывать переднюю опору шасси воздушного судна
rotate the bogie
запрокидывать тележку
rules of the air
правила полетов
run fluid through the system
прогонять систему
run off the runway
выкатываться за пределы ВПП
run out the landing gear
выпускать шасси
schedule the performances
задавать характеристики
seat the brush
притирать щетку
second freedom of the air
вторая степень свободы воздуха
secure the mishap site
обеспечивать охрану места происшествия
select the course
выбирать курс
select the flight route
выбирать маршрут полета
select the frequency
выбирать частоту
select the heading
задавать курс
select the mode
выбирать режим
select the track angle
задавать путевой угол
separate the aircraft
эшелонировать воздушное судно
serve out the service life
вырабатывать срок службы
set at the desired angle
устанавливать на требуемый угол
set the course
устанавливать курс
set the flaps at
устанавливать закрылки
set the heading
устанавливать курс
set the propeller pitch
устанавливать шаг воздушного винта
set the throttle lever
устанавливать сектор газа
set up the speed
задавать определенную скорость
shift the center-of-gravity
смещать центровку
shop out the skin
вырубать обшивку
simulate the instruments responses
имитировать показания приборов
slacken the cable
ослаблять натяжение троса
slave the gyroscope
согласовывать гироскоп
smooth on the heading
плавно выводить на заданный курс
smooth out the crack
удалять трещину
smooth out the dent
выправлять вмятину
smooth the signal
сглаживать сигнал
space the aircraft
определять зону полета воздушного судна
spin the gyro rotor
раскручивать ротор гироскопа
state instituting the investigation
государство, назначающее расследование
(авиационного происшествия) state submitting the report
государство, представляющее отчет
(об авиационном происшествии) steady airflow about the wing
установившееся обтекание крыла воздушным потоком
steer the aircraft
управлять воздушным судном
stop the crack propagation
предотвращать развитие трещины
stop the leakage
устранять течь
submit the flight plan
представлять план полета
substitute the aircraft
заменять воздушное судно
supervision approved by the State
надзор, установленный государством
supply the signal
подавать сигнал
swing the compass
списывать девиацию компаса
swing the door open
открывать створку
switch to the autopilot
переходить на управление с помощью автопилота
switch to the proper tank
включать подачу топлива из бака с помощью электрического крана
takeoff into the wind
взлетать против ветра
take off power to the shaft
отбирать мощность на вал
take over the control
брать управление на себя
take the bearing
брать заданный пеленг
take the energy from
отбирать энергию
take the readings
считывать показания
take the taxiway
занимать рулежную дорожку
take up the backlash
устранять люфт
take up the position
выходить на заданную высоту
tap air from the compressor
отбирать воздух от компрессора
terminate the agreement
прекращать действие соглашения
terminate the control
прекращать диспетчерское обслуживание
terminate the flight
завершать полет
test in the wind tunnel
продувать в аэродинамической трубе
test the system
испытывать систему
the aircraft under command
управляемое воздушное судно
the route to be flown
намеченный маршрут полета
the route to be followed
установленный маршрут полета
the runway is clear
ВПП свободна
the runway is not clear
ВПП занята
the search is terminated
поиск прекращен
through on the same flight
транзитом тем же рейсом
throughout the service life
на протяжении всего срока службы
tighten the turn
уменьшать радиус разворота
time in the air
налет часов
time the valves
регулировать газораспределение
titl of the gyro
завал гироскопа
to define the airspace
определять границы воздушного пространства
transfer the control
передавать диспетчерское управление другому пункту
transit to the climb speed
переходить к скорости набора высоты
trim the aircraft
балансировать воздушное судно
turn into the wind
разворачивать против ветра
turn off the system
выключать систему
turn on the system
включать систему
turn the proper tank on
включать подачу топлива из бока с помощью механического крана
unarm the system
отключать состояние готовности системы
uncage the gyroscope
разарретировать гироскоп
unfeather the propeller
выводить воздушный винт из флюгерного положения
unlatch the landing gear
снимать шасси с замков
unlatch the pitch stop
снимать с упора шага
(лопасти воздушного винта) unstall the aircraft
выводить воздушное судно из сваливания на крыло
unstick the aircraft
отрывать воздушное судно от земли
uplift the freight
принимать груз на борт
violate the law
нарушать установленный порядок
wander off the course
сбиваться с курса
warn the aircraft
предупреждать воздушное судно
wind the generator
наматывать обмотку генератора
with decrease in the altitude
со снижением высоты
withdraw from the agreement
выходить из соглашения
with increase in the altitude
с набором высоты
within the frame of
в пределах
within the range
в заданном диапазоне
withstand the load
выдерживать нагрузку
work on the aircraft
выполнять работу на воздушном судне
write down the readings
фиксировать показания

English-Russian aviation dictionary > the
11 close

I [kləʊs]
aggettivo

1) (with tight links) [ relative] prossimo, stretto; [link, contact] stretto

to bear a close resemblance to sb. — assomigliare molto a qcn

2) (intimate) [ friend] intimo (to di)

they have a close friendship — sono amici intimi

3) (almost equal) [ result] simile, vicino

a close copy of his signature — un'imitazione quasi perfetta della sua firma

4) (careful) [examination, supervision] attento, accurato, preciso

to pay close attention to sth. — prestare molta attenzione a qcs.

to keep a close watch o eye on sb., sth. — tener d'occhio attentamente qcn., qcs

5) (compact) [texture, print] fitto; [ military formation] serrato

6) (stuffy) [ weather] afoso

it's close — c'è afa

7) colloq. (secretive)

she's been very close about it — è stata molto riservata

••

it was a close call o shave — colloq. c'è mancato poco o un pelo
II [kləʊs]
avverbio

1) (nearby)

to live quite close — vivere abbastanza vicino

how close is the town? — quanto dista la città?

the closer he came — più si avvicinava

to bring sth. closer — portare qcs. più vicino

to follow close behind — seguire dappresso

to hold sb. close — stringere qcn

2) (temporally)

the time is close when — si sta avvicinando il momento in cui

how close are they in age? — quanti anni di differenza ci sono tra loro?

Christmas is close — Natale è vicino

3) (almost)

that's closer (to) the truth — questo è più vicino alla verità

"is the answer three?" - "close!" — "la risposta è tre?" - "ti sei avvicinato molto!"

4) close by vicino a [wall, bridge]

the ambulance is close by — l'ambulanza è vicina

5) close enough

that's close enough — (no nearer) è vicino abbastanza; (acceptable) può andare

there were 20 yachts or close enough — c'erano 20 yacht o giù di lì

6) close to vicino a [place, person, object]

how close are we to...? — a quale distanza siamo da...?

close to collapse — prossimo al collasso

to be, come close to doing — stare per o essere sul punto di fare

closer to 40 than 30 — più vicino ai 40 che ai 30

how close are you to completing...? — quanto ti manca per completare...?

it's coming close to the time when... — si sta avvicinando il momento in cui...

close to o on 60 people, a century ago — colloq. più o meno 60 persone, un secolo fa

••

(from) close to o (from) close up — colloq. da vicino
III [kləʊs]
nome

1) (road) strada f. privata

2) (of cathedral) = terreno cintato circostante una cattedrale
IV [kləʊz]
nome

1) (end)

to bring sth. to a close — portare a termine qcs.

to draw o come to a close finire, terminare; at the close of day — lett. sul finire del giorno

2) econ.

close (of trading) — chiusura f.
V 1. [kləʊz]
verbo transitivo

1) (shut) chiudere [door, eyes, book, file, shop]

2) (block) chiudere [airport, pipe, opening]; chiudere, impedire l'accesso a [road, area]

3) (bring to an end) chiudere, concludere [ meeting]; chiudere [account, case]; concludere [ deal]

4) (reduce)

to close the gap — fig. ridurre lo scarto
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) (shut) [airport, shop, museum] chiudere; [door, container, eyes] chiudersi

2) (cease to operate) [business, mine] chiudere

3) (end) [meeting, play] finire, terminare

4) econ. [currency, index, market] chiudere

to close down, up — chiudere al ribasso, al rialzo

5) (get smaller) [ gap] ridursi

6) (get closer) [ enemy] avvicinarsi (on a)

•

- close down

- close in

- close off

- close out

- close up

- close with

* * *
I 1. [kləus] adverb
1) (near in time, place etc: He stood close to his mother; Follow close behind.)

2) (tightly; neatly: a close-fitting dress.)
2. adjective
1) (near in relationship: a close friend.)

2) (having a narrow difference between winner and loser: a close contest; The result was close.)

3) (thorough: a close examination of the facts; Keep a close watch on him.)

4) (tight: a close fit.)

5) (without fresh air: a close atmosphere; The weather was close and thundery.)

6) (mean: He's very close (with his money).)

7) (secretive: They're keeping very close about the business.)

•

- closely
- closeness
- close call/shave
- close-set
- close-up
- close at hand
- close on
- close to II 1. [kləuz] verb
1) (to make or become shut, often by bringing together two parts so as to cover an opening: The baby closed his eyes; Close the door; The shops close on Sundays.)

2) (to finish; to come or bring to an end: The meeting closed with everyone in agreement.)

3) (to complete or settle (a business deal).)
2. noun
(a stop, end or finish: the close of day; towards the close of the nineteenth century.)

- close down
- close up
* * *
I [kləʊs]
aggettivo

1) (with tight links) [ relative] prossimo, stretto; [link, contact] stretto

to bear a close resemblance to sb. — assomigliare molto a qcn

2) (intimate) [ friend] intimo (to di)

they have a close friendship — sono amici intimi

3) (almost equal) [ result] simile, vicino

a close copy of his signature — un'imitazione quasi perfetta della sua firma

4) (careful) [examination, supervision] attento, accurato, preciso

to pay close attention to sth. — prestare molta attenzione a qcs.

to keep a close watch o eye on sb., sth. — tener d'occhio attentamente qcn., qcs

5) (compact) [texture, print] fitto; [ military formation] serrato

6) (stuffy) [ weather] afoso

it's close — c'è afa

7) colloq. (secretive)

she's been very close about it — è stata molto riservata

••

it was a close call o shave — colloq. c'è mancato poco o un pelo
II [kləʊs]
avverbio

1) (nearby)

to live quite close — vivere abbastanza vicino

how close is the town? — quanto dista la città?

the closer he came — più si avvicinava

to bring sth. closer — portare qcs. più vicino

to follow close behind — seguire dappresso

to hold sb. close — stringere qcn

2) (temporally)

the time is close when — si sta avvicinando il momento in cui

how close are they in age? — quanti anni di differenza ci sono tra loro?

Christmas is close — Natale è vicino

3) (almost)

that's closer (to) the truth — questo è più vicino alla verità

"is the answer three?" - "close!" — "la risposta è tre?" - "ti sei avvicinato molto!"

4) close by vicino a [wall, bridge]

the ambulance is close by — l'ambulanza è vicina

5) close enough

that's close enough — (no nearer) è vicino abbastanza; (acceptable) può andare

there were 20 yachts or close enough — c'erano 20 yacht o giù di lì

6) close to vicino a [place, person, object]

how close are we to...? — a quale distanza siamo da...?

close to collapse — prossimo al collasso

to be, come close to doing — stare per o essere sul punto di fare

closer to 40 than 30 — più vicino ai 40 che ai 30

how close are you to completing...? — quanto ti manca per completare...?

it's coming close to the time when... — si sta avvicinando il momento in cui...

close to o on 60 people, a century ago — colloq. più o meno 60 persone, un secolo fa

••

(from) close to o (from) close up — colloq. da vicino
III [kləʊs]
nome

1) (road) strada f. privata

2) (of cathedral) = terreno cintato circostante una cattedrale
IV [kləʊz]
nome

1) (end)

to bring sth. to a close — portare a termine qcs.

to draw o come to a close finire, terminare; at the close of day — lett. sul finire del giorno

2) econ.

close (of trading) — chiusura f.
V 1. [kləʊz]
verbo transitivo

1) (shut) chiudere [door, eyes, book, file, shop]

2) (block) chiudere [airport, pipe, opening]; chiudere, impedire l'accesso a [road, area]

3) (bring to an end) chiudere, concludere [ meeting]; chiudere [account, case]; concludere [ deal]

4) (reduce)

to close the gap — fig. ridurre lo scarto
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) (shut) [airport, shop, museum] chiudere; [door, container, eyes] chiudersi

2) (cease to operate) [business, mine] chiudere

3) (end) [meeting, play] finire, terminare

4) econ. [currency, index, market] chiudere

to close down, up — chiudere al ribasso, al rialzo

5) (get smaller) [ gap] ridursi

6) (get closer) [ enemy] avvicinarsi (on a)

•

- close down

- close in

- close off

- close out

- close up

- close with

English-Italian dictionary > close
12 close

1. adjective
1) (near in space) dicht; nahe

be close to something — nahe bei od. an etwas (Dat.) sein

how close is London to the South coast? — wie weit ist London von der Südküste entfernt?

you're too close to the fire — du bist zu dicht od. nah am Feuer

I wish we lived closer to your parents — ich wünschte, wir würden näher bei deinen Eltern wohnen

be close to tears/breaking point — den Tränen/einem Zusammenbruch nahe sein

at close quarters, the building looked less impressive — aus der Nähe betrachtet, wirkte das Gebäude weniger imposant

at close range — aus kurzer Entfernung

2) (near in time) nahe (to an + Dat.)

3) eng [Freund, Freundschaft, Beziehung, Zusammenarbeit, Verbindung]; nahe [Verwandte, Bekanntschaft]

be/become close to somebody — jemandem nahe stehen/nahekommen

4) (rigorous, painstaking) eingehend, genau [Untersuchung, Prüfung, Befragung usw.]

pay close attention — genau aufpassen

5) (stifling) stickig [Luft, Raum]; drückend, schwül [Wetter]

6) (nearly equal) hart [[Wett]kampf, Spiel]; knapp [Ergebnis]

a close race — ein Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen

that was a close call or shave or thing — (coll.) das war knapp!

7) (nearly matching) wortgetreu [Übersetzung]; getreu, genau [Imitation, Kopie]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

be the closest equivalent to something — einer Sache (Dat.) am ehesten entsprechen

bear a close resemblance to somebody — jemandem sehr ähnlich sehen

8) eng [Schrift]
2. adverb
1) (near) nah[e]

come close to the truth — der Wahrheit nahe kommen

be close at hand — in Reichweite sein

close by — in der Nähe

close by the river — nahe am Fluss

close on 60 years — fast 60 Jahre

close on 2 o'clock — kurz vor 2 [Uhr]

close to somebody/something — nahe bei jemandem/etwas

don't stand so close to the edge of the cliff — stell dich nicht so nah od. dicht an den Rand des Kliffs

close together — dicht beieinander

it brought them closer together — (fig.) es brachte sie einander näher

close behind — dicht dahinter

be/come close to tears — den Tränen nahe sein

2) fest [schließen]; genau [hinsehen]

on looking closer — bei genauerem Hinsehen
3. transitive verb
1) (shut) schließen, (ugs.) zumachen [Augen, Tür, Fenster, Geschäft]; zuziehen [Vorhang]; (declare shut) schließen [Laden, Geschäft, Fabrik, Betrieb, Werk, Zeche]; stilllegen [Betrieb, Werk, Zeche, Bahnlinie]; sperren [Straße, Brücke]

2) (conclude) schließen, beenden [Besprechung, Rede, Diskussion]; schließen [Versammlung, Sitzung]

close an account — ein Konto auflösen

3) (make smaller) schließen (auch fig.) [Lücke]
4. intransitive verb
1) (shut) sich schließen; [Tür:] zugehen (ugs.), sich schließen

the door/lid doesn't close properly — die Tür/der Deckel schließt nicht richtig

2) [Laden, Geschäft, Fabrik:] schließen, (ugs.) zumachen; (permanently) [Betrieb, Werk, Zeche:] geschlossen od. stillgelegt werden; [Geschäft:] geschlossen werden, (ugs.) zumachen

3) (come to an end) zu Ende gehen; enden; (finish speaking) schließen
5. noun
1) no pl. Ende, das; Schluss, der

come or draw to a close — zu Ende gehen

bring or draw something to a close — einer Sache (Dat.) ein Ende bereiten; etwas zu Ende bringen

2) (cul-de-sac) Sackgasse, die

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/13537/close_down">close down

- close in

- close off

- close up

* * *
I 1. [kləus] adverb
1) (near in time, place etc: He stood close to his mother; Follow close behind.) nahe

2) (tightly; neatly: a close-fitting dress.) eng
2. adjective
1) (near in relationship: a close friend.) vertraut

2) (having a narrow difference between winner and loser: a close contest; The result was close.) knapp

3) (thorough: a close examination of the facts; Keep a close watch on him.) genau

4) (tight: a close fit.) eng

5) (without fresh air: a close atmosphere; The weather was close and thundery.) schwül

6) (mean: He's very close (with his money).) geizig

7) (secretive: They're keeping very close about the business.) verschwiegen

•

- closely
- closeness
- close call/shave
- close-set
- close-up
- close at hand
- close on
- close to II 1. [kləuz] verb
1) (to make or become shut, often by bringing together two parts so as to cover an opening: The baby closed his eyes; Close the door; The shops close on Sundays.) schließen

2) (to finish; to come or bring to an end: The meeting closed with everyone in agreement.) enden

3) (to complete or settle (a business deal).) abschließen
2. noun
(a stop, end or finish: the close of day; towards the close of the nineteenth century.) das Ende

- close down
- close up
* * *

close¹

[kləʊs, AM kloʊs]

I. adj usu pred

1. (short distance) nah[e]

let's go to the \closest pub lasst uns in das nächste Pub gehen!

▪ to be \close to sth in der Nähe einer S. gen liegen

our guest-house was \close to the sea unsere Pension war nicht weit vom Meer entfernt

\close combat Nahkampf m

\close to the ground dicht über dem Boden

in \close proximity in unmittelbarer Nähe

at \close quarters aus der Nähe [betrachtet]

at \close range aus kurzer Entfernung

\close together nahe [o dicht] beieinander

2. (near)

to be \close to exhaustion total erschöpft sein

to be \close to perfection so gut wie perfekt sein

to be \close to tears den Tränen nahe sein

3. (near in time) nahe [bevorstehend]

it's \close to Christmas Weihnachten steht vor der Tür

war is \close ein Krieg steht unmittelbar bevor

\close together nahe [o dicht] beieinander

4. (intimate)

▪ to be \close to sb jdm [sehr] nahestehen

my brother and I have always been very \close mein Bruder und ich standen uns schon immer sehr nahe

... because of their \close links with terrorist groups... wegen ihrer engen Verbindung zu Terrorgruppen

\close bond enges Band

\close co-operation enge Zusammenarbeit

just \close family nur die nächsten Verwandten

\close friend enger Freund/enge Freundin

\close friendship enge Freundschaft

\close links eine enge Verbindung

\close relatives nahe Verwandte

5. (little space between) eng

\close handwriting enge Schrift

ten pages of \close print zehn eng bedruckte Seiten

\close ranks geschlossene Reihen

\close weave dichtes Gewebe

6. ( fig: dense)

\close argument stichhaltiges Argument

\close reasoning geschlossene Argumentation

7. (almost equal) knapp

the race is going to be a \close contest das wird ein Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen!

the election was too \close to call der Ausgang der Wahl war völlig offen

\close race Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen nt

8. (similar)

to be the \closest equivalent to sth etw dat am nächsten kommen

\close resemblance große Ähnlichkeit

to bear a \close resemblance to sb/sth jdm/etw sehr ähnlich sehen/sein

9. (exact) genau

to pay \close attention to sb jdm gut zuhören

to pay \close attention to sth genau auf etw akk achten

to keep a \close eye on sth etw gut im Auge behalten

10. (secret) verschwiegen

she's very \close about her relationship was ihre Beziehung angeht, ist sie sehr verschwiegen

\close secret großes Geheimnis

11. (airless, stifling) schwül; (in room) stickig

12. (mean) knauserig pej

13. (almost)

\close to [or on] ... nahezu..., fast...

\close to midnight kurz vor Mitternacht

14. LING

\close vowel geschlossener Vokal

15.

▶ to be \close to the bone der Wahrheit ziemlich nahekommen

▶ that was a \close call! das war knapp!

▶ that was too \close for comfort! das ging gerade nochmal gut!; (distance)

she lives too \close for comfort sie wohnt näher als ihr lieb ist

▶ to hold [or keep] one's cards \close to one's chest sich dat nicht in die Karten sehen lassen

▶ that was a \close shave! das war knapp! fam

▶ to have had a \close shave gerade noch davongekommen sein

II. adv (near in location) nahe; (near in time) nahe [bevorstehend]

please come \closer kommen Sie doch näher!

the election is getting \close die Wahlen stehen unmittelbar vor der Tür

she came \close to getting that job fast hätte sie die Stelle bekommen

to come \close to blows beinahe handgreiflich werden

to be \close at hand person in Reichweite sein; event unmittelbar bevorstehen

to come \close to tears den Tränen nahekommen

to come \close to the truth der Wahrheit [ziemlich] nahekommen

to get \close to sb/sth jdm/etw nahekommen

to hold sb \close jdn fest an sich drücken

on looking \closer bei genauerem Hinsehen

▪ \close by in der Nähe

the little child stood \close by his mother das kleine Kind stand dicht bei seiner Mutter

▪ from \close up aus der Nähe

▪ \close together dicht beieinander

please stand \closer together können Sie vielleicht noch ein bisschen aufrücken?

these appointments are too \close together diese Termine liegen einfach zu dicht aufeinander

▶ to sail \close to the wind sich akk hart an der Grenze des Erlaubten bewegen

III. vi

1. (move nearer)

▪ to \close on sb/an animal sich akk jdm/einem Tier [bedrohlich] nähern

2. STOCKEX (reach a price)

shares \closed at 15 dollars die Aktien erreichten eine Schlussnotierung von 15 Dollar

IV. n BRIT Hof m; (in street names) Straßenname für Sackgassen; (around cathedral) Domhof m; SCOT schmaler, meist offener Durchgang oder Hof

close²

[kləʊz, AM kloʊz]

I. vt

1. (shut)

▪ to \close sth etw schließen

to \close a book ein Buch zumachen

to \close a company/factory/shop einen Betrieb/eine Fabrik/einen Laden schließen

to \close the curtains die Vorhänge zuziehen

to \close the door/one's mouth/the window die Tür/seinen Mund/das Fenster zumachen

to \close one's ears ( fig) sich akk taub stellen

to \close one's eyes seine Augen zumachen [o schließen]

to \close one's eyes to sth ( fig) die Augen vor etw dat verschließen

to \close a plant/railway line ein Werk/eine Bahnstrecke stilllegen

to \close ranks die Reihen schließen

the party has \closed ranks on the issue die Partei nimmt dem Thema gegenüber eine geschlossene Stellung ein

to \close a road eine Straße sperren; ECON, FIN

to \close an account ein Konto auflösen

2. (bring to an end)

the matter is \closed der Fall ist abgeschlossen

the performance was \closed with ‘Auld Lang Syne’ die Aufführung endete mit dem Lied ‚Auld Lang Syne‘

to \close a bank account ein Konto auflösen

to \close a case LAW einen Fall abschließen

case \closed also LAW der Fall ist abgeschlossen

to \close a deal einen Handel [ab]schließen

to \close a discussion eine Diskussion beenden

let's \close this discussion with a brief summary lassen Sie mich diese Diskussion mit einer kurzen Zusammenfassung abschließen

to \close a meeting eine Besprechung beenden

3. (make smaller)

▪ to \close sth etw schließen

to \close the gap between x and y die Kluft zwischen x und y überwinden

4. ELEC

to \close a circuit einen Stromkreis schließen

5. COMPUT

to \close a file eine Datei zumachen [o schließen

6.

▶ to \close the stable door after the horse has bolted den Brunnen erst zudecken, wenn das Kind hineingefallen ist prov

II. vi

1. (shut) wound sich schließen; door, window, lid zugehen; shop, bank schließen

her eyes \closed in tiredness vor Müdigkeit fielen ihr die Augen zu

this box doesn't \close properly diese Kiste geht nicht richtig zu

2. (shut down) schließen; shop zumachen; factory also stilllegen

3. (end) zu Ende gehen; meeting schließen; play abgesetzt werden; STOCKEX

the pound \closed at $1.62 das Pfund schloss mit 1,62 Dollar

4. (approach) sich akk nähern

the tanks \closed to within 50 metres of the frontline die Panzer kamen bis auf 50 Meter an die Front heran

III. n

1. no pl (end) Ende nt, Schluss m

to bring [or draw] sth to a \close etw beenden

to come to a \close zu Ende gehen, enden

to draw to a \close sich dem Ende zuneigen

at the \close of business bei Geschäftsschluss

at the \close of trading bei Börsenschluss

2. STOCKEX Börsenschluss m

by the \close bei Börsenschluss

3. (in cricket)

▪ the \close Ende des Spieltages beim Kricket

4. MUS Kadenz f

* * *
I [kləʊs]
1. adj (+er)

1) (= near) nahe (
to +gen), in der Nähe ( to +gen, von)
is Glasgow close to Edinburgh? — liegt Glasgow in der Nähe von Edinburgh?

the buildings which are close to the station — die Gebäude in der Nähe des Bahnhofs or in Bahnhofsnähe

in close proximity — in unmittelbarer Nähe (
to +gen )

in such close proximity (to one another) — so dicht zusammen

you're very close (in guessing etc) — du bist dicht dran

close combat — Nahkampf m

at close quarters —

he chose the closest cake — er nahm den Kuchen, der am nächsten lag

we use this pub because it's close/the closest — wir gehen in dieses Lokal, weil es in der Nähe/am nächsten ist

2) (in time) nahe (bevorstehend)

nobody realized how close a nuclear war was — es war niemandem klar, wie nahe ein Atomkrieg bevorstand

3) (fig) friend, co-operation, connection etc eng; relative nahe; resemblance groß, stark

they were very close (to each other) — sie waren or standen sich or einander (geh) sehr nahe

4) (= not spread out) handwriting, print eng; ranks dicht, geschlossen; (fig) argument lückenlos, stichhaltig; reasoning, game geschlossen

5) (= exact, painstaking) examination, study eingehend, genau; translation originalgetreu; watch streng, scharf

now pay close attention to me — jetzt hör mir gut zu

you have to pay very close attention to the traffic signs —

to keep a close lookout for sb/sth — scharf nach jdm/etw Ausschau halten

6) (= stuffy) schwül; (indoors) stickig

7) (= almost equal) fight, result knapp

a close(-fought) match — ein (ganz) knappes Spiel

a close finish — ein Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen nt

a close election — ein Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen nt, eine Wahl mit knappem Ausgang

it was a close thing or call — das war knapp!

the vote/election was too close to call — der Ausgang der Abstimmung/Wahl war völlig offen

8)

close on — nahezu

close on sixty/midnight — an die sechzig/kurz vor Mitternacht

2. adv (+er)
nahe; (spatially also) dicht
close by — in der Nähe

close by us — in unserer Nähe

stay close to me — bleib dicht bei mir

close to the water/ground —

close to or by the bridge — nahe (bei) der Brücke

he followed close behind me — er ging dicht hinter mir

don't stand too close to the fire — stell dich nicht zu nahe or dicht ans Feuer

to be close to tears — den Tränen nahe sein

close together — dicht or nahe zusammen

my exams were so close together — meine Prüfungen lagen so kurz hintereinander

the closer the exams came the more nervous he got —

that brought the two brothers closer together — das brachte die beiden Brüder einander näher

please stand closer together — bitte rücken Sie näher or dichter zusammen

this pattern comes close/closest to the sort of thing we wanted — dieses Muster kommt dem, was wir uns vorgestellt haben, nahe/am nächsten

what does it look like ( from) close up? —

if you get too close up... — wenn du zu nahe herangehst...

3. n
(in street names) Hof m; (of cathedral etc) Domhof m; (Scot = outside passage) offener Hausflur II [kləʊz]
1. vt

1) (= shut) schließen; eyes, door, shop, window, curtains also zumachen; (permanently) business, shop etc schließen; factory stilllegen; (= block) opening etc verschließen; road sperren

"closed" — "geschlossen"

sorry, we're closed — tut uns leid, wir haben geschlossen or zu

don't close your mind to new ideas — du solltest dich neuen Ideen nicht verschließen

to close one's eyes/ears to sth — sich einer Sache gegenüber blind/taub stellen

to close ranks ( Mil, fig ) — die Reihen schließen

to close the gap between... — die Diskrepanz zwischen... beseitigen

to close an application (Comput) — eine Anwendung beenden

2) (= bring to an end) church service, meeting schließen, beenden; affair, discussion also abschließen; bank account etc auflösen; sale abschließen

the matter is closed — der Fall ist abgeschlossen

3) (ELEC) circuit schließen

2. vi

1) (= shut, come together) sich schließen; (door, window, box, lid, eyes, wound also) zugehen; (= can be shut) schließen, zugehen; (shop, factory) schließen, zumachen; (factory permanently) stillgelegt werden

his eyes closed — die Augen fielen ihm zu; (in death) seine Augen schlossen sich

2) (= come to an end) schließen; (tourist season) aufhören, enden, zu Ende gehen; (THEAT, play) auslaufen

3) (= approach) sich nähern, näher kommen; (boxers etc) aufeinander losgehen

the battleship closed to within 100 metres — das Kriegsschiff kam bis auf 100 Meter heran

4) (COMM: accept offer) abschließen, zu einem Abschluss kommen

5) (ST EX) schließen

the shares closed at £5 — die Aktien erreichten eine Schlussnotierung von £ 5

3. n
Ende nt, Schluss m
to come to a close — enden, aufhören, zu Ende gehen

to draw to a close — sich dem Ende nähern, dem Ende zugehen

to draw or bring sth to a close —

at/towards (Brit) or toward (US) the close of (the) day — am/gegen Ende des Tages

at the close (of business) — bei Geschäfts- or (St Ex) Börsenschluss

* * *

close

A adj [kləʊs] (adv → closely)

1. ver-, geschlossen, (nur präd) zu

2. obs von Mauern etc umgeben

3. zurückgezogen, abgeschieden

4. verborgen, geheim

5. dumpf, schwül, stickig, drückend

6. fig verschlossen, verschwiegen, zurückhaltend

7. geizig, knaus(e)rig

8. knapp, beschränkt:

money is close das Geld ist knapp

9. nicht zugänglich, nicht öffentlich, geschlossen

10. dicht, fest (Gewebe etc)

11. eng, (dicht) gedrängt:

close handwriting enge Schrift

12. knapp, kurz, bündig (Stil etc)

13. kurz (Haar)

14. eng (anliegend) (Kleid etc)

15. (wort)getreu, genau (Übersetzung)

16. stark (Ähnlichkeit)

17. nah, dicht:

close combat MIL Nahkampf m;

close fight Handgemenge n, weitS. zähes Ringen, harter Kampf;

close together dicht beieinander;

close to

a) nahe oder dicht bei,

b) (zeitlich) dicht vor (dat), nahe (dat),

c) fig (jemandem) nahestehend, vertraut mit,

d) fig eng verwandt oder verbunden mit;

this subject is very close to me dieses Thema liegt mir sehr am Herzen;

close to tears den Tränen nahe;

a speed close to that of sound eine Geschwindigkeit, die dicht an die Schallgrenze herankommt; → bone¹ A 1, proximity, range A 5

18. eng (Freunde):

he was a close friend of mine, we were close friends wir waren eng befreundet

19. nah (Verwandte)

20. fig knapp:

that was close; → shave C 1, squeak C 3, squeeze C 10, thing² 3

21. fig scharf, hart, knapp:

close victory knapper Sieg;

close election knapper Wahlausgang;

close finish scharfer Endkampf

22. gespannt (Aufmerksamkeit)

23. gründlich, eingehend, scharf, genau:

close investigation gründliche oder eingehende Untersuchung;

close observer scharfer Beobachter;

close questioning strenges Verhör; → inspection 1

24. streng, scharf:

close arrest strenge Haft;

close prisoner streng bewachter Gefangener;

in close custody unter scharfer Bewachung;

keep a close watch on scharf im Auge behalten (akk)

25. streng, logisch, lückenlos (Beweisführung etc)

26. LING geschlossen (Laut etc): → punctuation 1

27. MUS eng:

close harmony enger Satz

B adv [kləʊs] eng, nahe, dicht:

close by

a) nahe oder dicht dabei, ganz in der Nähe,

b) nahe oder dicht bei, neben (dat);

close at hand nahe bevorstehend;

close on two hundred fast oder annähernd zweihundert;

fly close to the ground dicht am Boden fliegen;

come close to fig dicht herankommen oder -reichen an (akk), fast … sein;

cut close ganz kurz schneiden;

keep close in der Nähe bleiben;

lie ( oder keep) close sich verborgen halten;

press sb close jemanden hart bedrängen;

run sb close jemandem dicht auf den Fersen sein;

if you look closer wenn du näher oder genauer hinsiehst; → wind¹ A 1

C s [kləʊz]

1. (Ab)Schluss m, Ende n:

bring to a close eine Versammlung etc beenden;

come ( oder draw) to a close zu Ende gehen

2. Schlusswort n

3. Briefschluss m

4. MUS Kadenz f, Schluss(fall) m

5. Handgemenge n, Kampf m

6. [kləʊs] Br

a) Einfriedung f, Hof m (einer Kirche, Schule etc)

b) Gehege n

c) JUR (eingefriedetes) Grundstück: → breach Bes Redew

7. [kləʊs] Br (kurze, umbaute) Sackgasse

8. [kləʊs] schott Hausdurchgang m zum Hof

D v/t [kləʊz]

1. (ab-, ver-, zu)schließen, zumachen, COMPUT eine Datei etc schließen: → closed, door Bes Redew, eye A 1, gap 6, heart Bes Redew, mind A 2, rank¹ A 7

2. ein Loch etc verstopfen

3. a) einen Betrieb, die Schule etc schließen

b) they had their ground closed for two games SPORT sie bekamen eine Platzsperre für zwei Spiele

4. ein Gelände, eine Straße (ab)sperren:

close a road to traffic eine Straße für den Verkehr sperren

5. die Hand schließen, die Faust ballen

6. die Sicht versperren

7. ELEK den Stromkreis schließen

8. fig beenden, be-, abschließen:

close a case einen Fall abschließen;

close the court JUR die Verhandlung schließen;

close an issue eine (strittige) Sache erledigen;

close a procession einen Zug beschließen;

close one’s days seine Tage beschließen (sterben);

the subject was closed das Thema war beendet

9. WIRTSCH

a) ein Konto auflösen

b) eine Rechnung abschließen: → book A 9

10. einen Handel, ein Geschäft abschließen

11. einen Abstand verringern

12. SCHIFF näher herangehen an (akk):

close the wind an den Wind gehen

13. WIRTSCH US → close out A 2

E v/i [kləʊz]

1. allg sich schließen (auch Lücke, Wunde etc)

2. geschlossen werden

3. schließen, zumachen:

the shop closes at 5 o’clock

4. enden, aufhören, zu Ende gehen

5. schließen ( with the words mit den Worten)

6. Börse: abschließen (at mit)

7. heranrücken, sich nähern:

close (a)round ( oder about) sb jemanden einschließen, jemanden umzingeln

8. close with sb mit jemandem (handels)einig werden, sich mit jemandem einigen ( beide:

on über akk)

9. close with sb mit jemandem handgemein werden oder aneinandergeraten

10. sich verringern (Abstand, Strecke)

* * *
1. adjective
1) (near in space) dicht; nahe

be close to something — nahe bei od. an etwas (Dat.) sein

how close is London to the South coast? — wie weit ist London von der Südküste entfernt?

you're too close to the fire — du bist zu dicht od. nah am Feuer

I wish we lived closer to your parents — ich wünschte, wir würden näher bei deinen Eltern wohnen

be close to tears/breaking point — den Tränen/einem Zusammenbruch nahe sein

at close quarters, the building looked less impressive — aus der Nähe betrachtet, wirkte das Gebäude weniger imposant

at close range — aus kurzer Entfernung

2) (near in time) nahe (to an + Dat.)

3) eng [Freund, Freundschaft, Beziehung, Zusammenarbeit, Verbindung]; nahe [Verwandte, Bekanntschaft]

be/become close to somebody — jemandem nahe stehen/nahekommen

4) (rigorous, painstaking) eingehend, genau [Untersuchung, Prüfung, Befragung usw.]

pay close attention — genau aufpassen

5) (stifling) stickig [Luft, Raum]; drückend, schwül [Wetter]

6) (nearly equal) hart [[Wett]kampf, Spiel]; knapp [Ergebnis]

a close race — ein Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen

that was a close call or shave or thing — (coll.) das war knapp!

7) (nearly matching) wortgetreu [Übersetzung]; getreu, genau [Imitation, Kopie]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

be the closest equivalent to something — einer Sache (Dat.) am ehesten entsprechen

bear a close resemblance to somebody — jemandem sehr ähnlich sehen

8) eng [Schrift]
2. adverb
1) (near) nah[e]

come close to the truth — der Wahrheit nahe kommen

be close at hand — in Reichweite sein

close by — in der Nähe

close by the river — nahe am Fluss

close on 60 years — fast 60 Jahre

close on 2 o'clock — kurz vor 2 [Uhr]

close to somebody/something — nahe bei jemandem/etwas

don't stand so close to the edge of the cliff — stell dich nicht so nah od. dicht an den Rand des Kliffs

close together — dicht beieinander

it brought them closer together — (fig.) es brachte sie einander näher

close behind — dicht dahinter

be/come close to tears — den Tränen nahe sein

2) fest [schließen]; genau [hinsehen]

on looking closer — bei genauerem Hinsehen
3. transitive verb
1) (shut) schließen, (ugs.) zumachen [Augen, Tür, Fenster, Geschäft]; zuziehen [Vorhang]; (declare shut) schließen [Laden, Geschäft, Fabrik, Betrieb, Werk, Zeche]; stilllegen [Betrieb, Werk, Zeche, Bahnlinie]; sperren [Straße, Brücke]

2) (conclude) schließen, beenden [Besprechung, Rede, Diskussion]; schließen [Versammlung, Sitzung]

close an account — ein Konto auflösen

3) (make smaller) schließen (auch fig.) [Lücke]
4. intransitive verb
1) (shut) sich schließen; [Tür:] zugehen (ugs.), sich schließen

the door/lid doesn't close properly — die Tür/der Deckel schließt nicht richtig

2) [Laden, Geschäft, Fabrik:] schließen, (ugs.) zumachen; (permanently) [Betrieb, Werk, Zeche:] geschlossen od. stillgelegt werden; [Geschäft:] geschlossen werden, (ugs.) zumachen

3) (come to an end) zu Ende gehen; enden; (finish speaking) schließen
5. noun
1) no pl. Ende, das; Schluss, der

come or draw to a close — zu Ende gehen

bring or draw something to a close — einer Sache (Dat.) ein Ende bereiten; etwas zu Ende bringen

2) (cul-de-sac) Sackgasse, die

Phrasal Verbs:

- close down

- close in

- close off

- close up

* * *

v.

abschließen v.

schließen v.

(§ p.,pp.: schloß, geschlossen)

zumachen v.

English-german dictionary > close
13 close

I
1. kləus adverb
1) (near in time, place etc: He stood close to his mother; Follow close behind.) cerca(de)

2) (tightly; neatly: a close-fitting dress.) con estrechez

2. adjective
1) (near in relationship: a close friend.) íntimo

2) (having a narrow difference between winner and loser: a close contest; The result was close.) parecido, igualado

3) (thorough: a close examination of the facts; Keep a close watch on him.) detallado

4) (tight: a close fit.) ajustado

5) (without fresh air: a close atmosphere; The weather was close and thundery.) bochornoso

6) (mean: He's very close (with his money).) tacaño

7) (secretive: They're keeping very close about the business.) reservado

•

- closely
- closeness
- close call/shave
- close-set
- close-up
- close at hand
- close on
- close to
II
1. kləuz verb
1) (to make or become shut, often by bringing together two parts so as to cover an opening: The baby closed his eyes; Close the door; The shops close on Sundays.) cerrar

2) (to finish; to come or bring to an end: The meeting closed with everyone in agreement.) terminar

3) (to complete or settle (a business deal).) concluir

2. noun
(a stop, end or finish: the close of day; towards the close of the nineteenth century.) fin, final

- close down
- close up

close¹ adj

1. cerca / al lado

the flat is close to the station el piso está cerca de la estación

2. íntimo

we're close friends somos amigos íntimos

close² adv cerca

we live close to the shops vivimos cerca de las tiendas

they were sitting close together estaban sentados muy juntos

close³ n final

at the close of the day al final del día

close⁴ vb cerrar

close the window cierra la ventana

the shop closes at five la tienda cierra a las cinco

El gerundio de close se escribe closing

close

tr[kləʊs]

adjective

1 (near) cercano,-a (to, a), próximo,-a (to, a)

■ our flat is close to the park nuestro piso está cerca del parque

■ the houses are in close proximity to each other las casas están muy próximas las unas de las otras

2 (friend) íntimo,-a, allegado,-a; (relation, family) cercano,-a; (link, tie, cooperation, collaboration) estrecho,-a; (contact) directo,-a

■ it's a close community es una comunidad muy unida

■ we're very close friends somos íntimos amigos

■ he's very close to his father está muy unido a su padre

3 (haircut) (cortado,-a) al rape; (shave) apurado,-a

4 (texture, weave) tupido,-a, cerrado,-a, compacto,-a; (print) apretado,-a

5 (similar) parecido,-a

■ she bears a close resemblance to Madonna se parece mucho a Madonna

6 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL (formation) cerrado,-a

7 (weather) bochornoso,-a, sofocante; (room, air) cargado,-a

8 (thorough, careful - study, examination, etc) detallado,-a, detenido,-a; (look) de cerca; (watch) atento,-a; (translation) fiel

■ pay close attention presta mucha atención

■ on closer examination al mirarlo más de cerca

9 (game, contest, finish) reñido,-a; (result) apretado,-a

10 (secretive) reservado,-a

11 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL (vowel) cerrado,-a

adverb

1 (in position) cerca

■ their parents live close sus padres viven cerca

■ don't get too close to me no te me acerques demasiado

■ hold me close abrázame

2 (in time) cerca

■ the elections are getting close se acercan las elecciones

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

at close quarters de cerca

at close range a quemarropa

close at/to hand al alcance de la mano, cerca

close by cerca

close on/to casi, cerca de

■ she's close on fifty anda rondando los cincuenta

close up de cerca

to be/have a close shave/call/thing salvarse por los pelos

to be close to tears estar a punto de llorar

to keep a close eye/watch on vigilar de cerca

to keep something a close secret mantener algo en el más riguroso secreto

————————

close

tr[kləʊz]

noun

1 (end) fin nombre masculino, final nombre masculino

■ the close of the day al caer el día

■ at the close of the century a finales de siglo

2 (precincts) recinto

transitive verb

1 (shut - gen) cerrar

■ close your eyes cierra los ojos

■ I'd like to close my account quisiera cerrar mi cuenta

2 (end - deal) cerrar; (meeting) cerrar, poner fin a; (course, conference) clausurar

intransitive verb

1 (gen) cerrar, cerrarse

■ what time do you close? ¿a qué hora cierran?

■ this drawer doesn't close properly este cajón no cierra bien

2 (end) concluir, terminar

■ the book closes with a murder el libro termina con un asesinato

3 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL cerrar (at, a)

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to bring something to a close concluir algo, poner fin a algo

to close ranks cerrar filas

to close in on something/somebody rodear algo/a alguien, cercar algo/a alguien

to close one's eyes to something cerrar los ojos a algo

to close one's mind to something cerrarse a algo

to come to a close / draw to a close tocar a su fin, llegar a su fin

close season veda, época de veda

close ['klo:z] v, closed ; closing vt

: cerrar

close vi

1) : cerrarse, cerrar

2) terminate: concluirse, terminar

3)

to close in approach: acercarse, aproximarse

close ['klo:s] adv

: cerca, de cerca

close adj, closer ; closest

1) confining: restrictivo, estrecho

2) secretive: reservado

3) strict: estricto, detallado

4) stuffy: cargado, bochornoso (dícese del tiempo)

5) tight: apretado, entallado, ceñido

it's a close fit: es muy apretado

6) near: cercano, próximo

7) intimate: íntimo

close friends: amigos íntimos

8) accurate: fiel, exacto

9) : reñido

a close election: una elección muy reñida

close ['klo:z] n

: fin m, final m, conclusión f

close

adj.

• angosto, -a adj.

• apretado, -a adj.

• aproximado, -a adj.

• arrimado, -a adj.

• cerca adj.

• cercano, -a adj.

• entrañable adj.

• estrecho, -a adj.

• minucioso, -a adj.

• próximo, -a adj.

• íntimo, -a adj.

n.

• conclusión s.f.

• fenecimiento s.m.

• fin s.m.

v.

• candar v.

• cerrar v.

• clausurar v.

• finiquitar v.

• tapar v.

• terminar v.

I kləʊs
adjective closer, closest

1)

a) ( near) próximo, cercano

at close range o quarters — de cerca

close TO something/somebody — próximo or cercano a algo/alguien, cerca de algo/alguien

b) < shave> al ras, apurado

that was a close shave o call — (colloq) se salvó (or me salvé etc) por un pelo or por los pelos (fam)

2) <link/connection> estrecho; < contact> directo; < relative> cercano

they are close friends — son muy amigos, son amigos íntimos

they've always been very close — siempre han sido or (Esp) estado muy unidos

sources close to the government — fuentes allegadas or cercanas al gobierno

3) ( in similarity)

it's not the same color but it's a close match — no es el mismo color pero es casi igual

he bears a close resemblance to his brother — tiene un gran parecido a or con su hermano, se parece mucho a su hermano

that's the closest thing to a hammer I've got — esto es lo más parecido a un martillo que tengo

4) < fit> ajustado, ceñido

5) ( strictly guarded)

it was kept a close secret — se mantuvo en el más absoluto or riguroso secreto

6) ( careful) < examination> detenido, detallado

to pay close attention to something — prestar mucha atención a algo

to keep a close watch on something/somebody — vigilar algo/a alguien de cerca

7) <contest/finish> reñido

he finished a close second — llegó en segundo lugar, muy cerca del ganador

8) <weather/atmosphere> pesado, bochornoso

II kləʊs
adverb closer, closest

1) ( in position) cerca

to draw/get/come close — acercarse*

close TO something/somebody — cerca de algo/alguien

to hold somebody close — abrazar* a alguien

they're following close behind — nos siguen de cerca

phew, that was close! — uf, nos salvamos por poco or por los pelos!

2) ( in intimacy)

the tragedy brought them closer together o to each other — la tragedia los acercó or unió más

3) ( in approximation)

it's not my favorite, but it comes pretty close — no es mi favorito pero casi

close TO something: the temperature is close to... la temperatura es de casi...; he must be close to 50 debe tener cerca de or casi 50 años; that's the closest to an apology you'll get eso es lo más parecido a una disculpa que vas a recibir; he was close to tears — estaba a punto de llorar

4) (in phrases)

close by — cerca

close on: there were close on 10,000 present había cerca de or casi 10.000 asistentes; close together ( physically) juntos; our birthdays are close together nuestros cumpleaños caen por las mismas fechas or muy cerca; close up — de cerca

III

1) noun

Sense I

2) kləʊz (conclusion, end) fin m

to come/draw to a close — llegar*/acercarse* a su fin

to bring something to a close — poner* or dar* fin a algo

at the close of day — (liter) al caer el día (liter)

Sense II

3) kləʊs ( in residential area) (BrE) calle f ( sin salida)

IV
1. kləʊz
transitive verb

1) \<\<window/book/valve\>\> cerrar*

he closed his mouth/eyes — cerró la boca/los ojos

2) ( block) \<\<road\>\> cerrar*

3) (terminate, wind up) \<\<branch/file/account\>\> cerrar*

4) ( conclude) \<\<deal\>\> cerrar*; \<\<debate/meeting\>\> cerrar*, poner* fin a

2.

close vi

1) \<\<door/window\>\> cerrar(se)*; \<\<gap/wound\>\> cerrarse*

her eyes closed and she fell asleep — se le cerraron los ojos y se quedó dormida

2) \<\<shop/library/museum\>\> cerrar*

3)

a) (finish, end) \<\<lecture/book\>\> terminar, concluir*

b) closing pres p último

4) ( get closer) acercarse*

to close ON something/somebody — acercarse* a algo/algn

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- close down

- close in

- close off

- close out

- close up

- close with

I [klǝʊs]
1.

ADV
(compar closer) (superl closest) cerca
the shops are very close — las tiendas están muy cerca

the hotel is close to the station — el hotel está cerca de la estación

she was close to tears — estaba a punto de llorar

according to sources close to the police — según fuentes allegadas a la policía

• close by — muy cerca

• come closer — acércate más

to come close to — acercarse a

we came very close to losing the match — estuvimos a punto de perder el partido, faltó poco para que perdiéramos el partido

that comes close to an insult — eso es casi un insulto

• the runners finished very close — los corredores llegaron casi al mismo tiempo

• to fit close — ajustarse al cuerpo

• to follow close behind — seguir muy de cerca

• to hold sb close — abrazar fuertemente a algn

• to keep close to the wall — ir arrimado a la pared

• he must be close on 50 — debe andar cerca de los 50

it's close on six o'clock — son casi las seis

• stay close to me — no te alejes or separes de mí

• close together — juntos, cerca uno del otro

• to look at sth close up — mirar algo de cerca

2. ADJ

1) (=near) [place] cercano, próximo; [contact] directo; [connection] estrecho, íntimo

• close combat — lucha f cuerpo a cuerpo

• at close quarters — de cerca

• to come a close second to sb/sth — disputarle la primera posición a algn/algo

• he was the closest thing to a real worker among us — entre nosotros él tenía más visos de ser un obrero auténtico, de nosotros él era el que tenía más visos de ser un obrero

- it was a close shave

2) (=intimate) [relative] cercano; [friend] íntimo

we have only invited close relations — solo hemos invitado a parientes cercanos

she's a close friend of mine — es una amiga íntima mía

I'm very close to my sister — estoy muy unida a mi hermana

they're very close (to each other) — están muy unidos

a close circle of friends — un estrecho círculo de amigos

3) (=almost equal) [result, election, fight] muy reñido; [scores] casi iguales

• it was a very close contest — fue una competición muy reñida

• to bear a close resemblance to — tener mucho parecido con

4) (=exact, detailed) [examination, study] detallado; [investigation, questioning] minucioso; [surveillance, control] estricto; [translation] fiel, exacto

• to pay close attention to sb/sth — prestar mucha atención a algn/algo

• to keep a close watch on sb — mantener a algn bajo estricta vigilancia

5) (=not spread out) [handwriting, print] compacto; [texture, weave] compacto, tupido; [formation] cerrado

6) (=stuffy) [atmosphere, room] sofocante, cargado; [weather] pesado, bochornoso

it's close this afternoon — hace bochorno esta tarde

7) (=secretive) reservado; (=mean) tacaño

8) (Ling) [vowel] cerrado

3.

N recinto m

4.

CPD

close company N — (Brit) (Econ) sociedad f exclusiva, compañía f propietaria

close corporation N (US) — = close company

close season N — (Hunting, Fishing) veda f ; (Ftbl) temporada f de descanso (de la liga de fútbol)

close work N — trabajo m minucioso

II [klǝʊz]
1.

N (=end) final m, conclusión f

• at the close — al final

at the close of day — a la caída de la tarde

at the close of the year — al final del año

• to bring sth to a close — terminar algo, concluir algo

• to draw to a close — tocar a su fin, estar terminando

2. VI

1) (=shut) [shop] cerrar; [door, window] cerrarse

the doors close automatically — las puertas se cierran automáticamente

the shops close at five thirty — las tiendas cierran a las cinco y media

this window does not close properly — esta ventana no cierra bien

his eyes closed — se le cerraron los ojos

2) (=end) terminar, terminarse, concluir
(Econ)
shares closed at 120p — al cierre las acciones estaban a 120 peniques

3. VT

1) (=shut) cerrar; [+ hole] tapar

please close the door — cierra la puerta, por favor

road closed — cerrado el paso

• to close one's eyes — cerrar los ojos

to close one's eyes to sth — (=ignore) hacer la vista gorda a algo

• to close the gap between two things — llenar el hueco entre dos cosas

• close your mouth when you're eating! — ¡no abras la boca comiendo!

• to close ranks — cerrar filas

2) (=end) [+ discussion, meeting] cerrar, poner fin a; [+ ceremony] clausurar, dar término a; [+ bank account] liquidar; [+ account] (Comm) saldar; [+ bargain, deal] cerrar

- close down

- close in

- close in on

- close off

- close on

- close out

- close round

- close up

- close with

* * *

I [kləʊs]
adjective closer, closest

1)

a) ( near) próximo, cercano

at close range o quarters — de cerca

close TO something/somebody — próximo or cercano a algo/alguien, cerca de algo/alguien

b) < shave> al ras, apurado

that was a close shave o call — (colloq) se salvó (or me salvé etc) por un pelo or por los pelos (fam)

2) <link/connection> estrecho; < contact> directo; < relative> cercano

they are close friends — son muy amigos, son amigos íntimos

they've always been very close — siempre han sido or (Esp) estado muy unidos

sources close to the government — fuentes allegadas or cercanas al gobierno

3) ( in similarity)

it's not the same color but it's a close match — no es el mismo color pero es casi igual

he bears a close resemblance to his brother — tiene un gran parecido a or con su hermano, se parece mucho a su hermano

that's the closest thing to a hammer I've got — esto es lo más parecido a un martillo que tengo

4) < fit> ajustado, ceñido

5) ( strictly guarded)

it was kept a close secret — se mantuvo en el más absoluto or riguroso secreto

6) ( careful) < examination> detenido, detallado

to pay close attention to something — prestar mucha atención a algo

to keep a close watch on something/somebody — vigilar algo/a alguien de cerca

7) <contest/finish> reñido

he finished a close second — llegó en segundo lugar, muy cerca del ganador

8) <weather/atmosphere> pesado, bochornoso

II [kləʊs]
adverb closer, closest

1) ( in position) cerca

to draw/get/come close — acercarse*

close TO something/somebody — cerca de algo/alguien

to hold somebody close — abrazar* a alguien

they're following close behind — nos siguen de cerca

phew, that was close! — uf, nos salvamos por poco or por los pelos!

2) ( in intimacy)

the tragedy brought them closer together o to each other — la tragedia los acercó or unió más

3) ( in approximation)

it's not my favorite, but it comes pretty close — no es mi favorito pero casi

close TO something: the temperature is close to... la temperatura es de casi...; he must be close to 50 debe tener cerca de or casi 50 años; that's the closest to an apology you'll get eso es lo más parecido a una disculpa que vas a recibir; he was close to tears — estaba a punto de llorar

4) (in phrases)

close by — cerca

close on: there were close on 10,000 present había cerca de or casi 10.000 asistentes; close together ( physically) juntos; our birthdays are close together nuestros cumpleaños caen por las mismas fechas or muy cerca; close up — de cerca

III

1) noun

Sense I

2) [kləʊz] (conclusion, end) fin m

to come/draw to a close — llegar*/acercarse* a su fin

to bring something to a close — poner* or dar* fin a algo

at the close of day — (liter) al caer el día (liter)

Sense II

3) [kləʊs] ( in residential area) (BrE) calle f ( sin salida)

IV
1. [kləʊz]
transitive verb

1) \<\<window/book/valve\>\> cerrar*

he closed his mouth/eyes — cerró la boca/los ojos

2) ( block) \<\<road\>\> cerrar*

3) (terminate, wind up) \<\<branch/file/account\>\> cerrar*

4) ( conclude) \<\<deal\>\> cerrar*; \<\<debate/meeting\>\> cerrar*, poner* fin a

2.

close vi

1) \<\<door/window\>\> cerrar(se)*; \<\<gap/wound\>\> cerrarse*

her eyes closed and she fell asleep — se le cerraron los ojos y se quedó dormida

2) \<\<shop/library/museum\>\> cerrar*

3)

a) (finish, end) \<\<lecture/book\>\> terminar, concluir*

b) closing pres p último

4) ( get closer) acercarse*

to close ON something/somebody — acercarse* a algo/algn

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- close down

- close in

- close off

- close out

- close up

- close with

English-spanish dictionary > close
14 pay

I 1. [peɪ]
nome paga f., stipendio m., retribuzione f.; (to manual worker) salario m.; (to soldier) soldo m.

back pay — arretrati sulla paga

extra pay — (paga) extra

to be in the pay of sb. — spreg. essere al soldo di qcn.

pay and allowances — retribuzione e indennità
2.
modificatore [agreement, claim, negotiations, deal] salariale; [rise, cut] di stipendio, salariale; [freeze, structure, policy] dei salari
II 1. [peɪ]
verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. paid)

1) (for goods, services) pagare [tradesman, creditor, fee]; saldare, pagare [bill, debt]; versare [ down payment] (on per)

to pay cash — pagare in contanti

to pay Ј 50 on account — versare un acconto di 50 sterline

to pay sth. into — versare qcs. su [ account]

2) (for regular work) pagare, retribuire [ employee]

to pay low wages — retribuire male

all expenses paid — tutto spesato

3) econ. [account, bond] rendere, fruttare [ interest]

to pay dividends — fig. dare buoni frutti

4) (give)

to pay attention, heed to — fare o prestare attenzione a

to pay a tribute to sb. — rendere o tributare omaggio a qcn.

to pay sb. a compliment — fare un complimento a qcn.

to pay sb. a visit — fare visita a qcn

5) (benefit)

it would pay him to do — fig. gli gioverebbe fare

it doesn't pay to do — non conviene fare
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. paid)

1) (hand over money) pagare

to pay for sth. — pagare per qcs. (anche fig.)

I'll make you pay for this! — fig. te la farò pagare! questa me la pagherai!

they're paying for him to go to college — gli pagano gli studi universitari

"pay on entry" — "pagamento all'ingresso"

you have to pay to get in — l'ingresso è a pagamento

"pay and display" — (in carpark) "esporre il voucher attestante il pagamento"

pay on demand — (on cheque) pagare a vista

2) (settle) pagare

to pay one's own way — coprire le proprie spese

3) (reward employee)

the work doesn't pay very well — il lavoro non è ben retribuito

4) (bring gain) [ business] rendere, essere redditizio; [activity, quality] essere vantaggioso, essere utile

to pay handsomely — fruttare molto bene

to pay for itself — [business, purchase] ammortizzarsi

to make sth. pay — fare fruttare o rendere qcs

•

- pay back

- pay down

- pay in

- pay off

- pay out

- pay up

••

there'll be hell — colloq. o

the devil to pay — succederà un putiferio, saranno guai grossi

to pay a visit — colloq. eufem. andare in quel posto, andare al gabinetto

* * *
[pei] 1. past tense, past participle - paid; verb
1) (to give (money) to (someone) in exchange for goods, services etc: He paid $5 for the book.) pagare

2) (to return (money that is owed): It's time you paid your debts.) pagare

3) (to suffer punishment (for): You'll pay for that remark!) pagare

4) (to be useful or profitable (to): Crime doesn't pay.) pagare, rendere

5) (to give (attention, homage, respect etc): Pay attention!; to pay one's respects.) prestare, fare
2. noun
(money given or received for work etc; wages: How much pay do you get?) paga, salario, remunerazione

- payable
- payee
- payment
- pay-packet
- pay-roll
- pay back
- pay off
- pay up
- put paid to
* * *
pay /peɪ/
A n. [u]

paga; retribuzione; compenso; salario; stipendio; (mil.) soldo, diaria: back pay, paga arretrata; arretrati; severance pay, indennità di licenziamento; liquidazione ( corrisposta al dipendente licenziato senza sua colpa)

B a. attr.

salariale: pay pause, tregua salariale

● (med.) pay bed, letto a pagamento ( in un ospedale) □ pay-book, libro paga □ pay ceiling, tetto salariale □ (in GB) pay cheque, assegno paga ( dal 1960) □ pay claim, rivendicazione (o richiesta d'aumento) salariale □ pay day, giorno di paga; ( Borsa, stor.) giorno di liquidazione (o dei compensi) □ pay differential, differenziale salariale □ ( USA) pay dirt, terreno ricco di minerali; (fig.) miniera d'oro (fig.), attività rimunerativa □ ( USA) pay envelope, busta paga □ pay freeze, congelamento (o blocco) dei salari □ (ind. min.) pay ore, minerale coltivabile □ pay package, pacchetto salariale □ (ingl.) pay packet, busta paga □ (TV) pay-per-view, pay-per-view ( sistema a pagamento per singolo programma) □ (telef.) pay phone, telefono a monete metalliche (in Italia, anche: a gettoni) □ pay rise, aumento salariale □ pay settlement, accordo salariale □ pay sheet, libro paga □ ( USA) pay station, cabina telefonica pubblica □ pay telephone = pay phone ► sopra □ (TV) pay television, pay-tv □ pay toilet, gabinetto a pagamento □ to be in the pay of, essere alle dipendenze (o al soldo) di NOTA D'USO: - salary, wage o pay?-.
♦ (to) pay (1) /peɪ/
(pass. e p. p. paid)

A v. t.

1 pagare; liquidare; saldare: to pay workmen [the tailor, one's creditors], pagare gli operai [il sarto, i creditori]; to pay a debt, pagare (o saldare) un debito; (trasp.) to pay toll, pagare il pedaggio NOTA D'USO: - pagare-

2 ( di lavoro) remunerare; rendere; esser retribuito con: This job pays two hundred pounds a week, questo lavoro rende duecento sterline la settimana

3 (econ., fin.) fruttare; rendere: The investment paid 15% after tax, l'investimento ha reso il 15% al netto delle imposte

4 dare profitto (o giovare) a (q.): It won't pay you to refuse, rifiutare non ti gioverà

5 (form.) ripagare; ricompensare

B v. i.

1 pagare; fare un pagamento: to pay by cheque, pagare con un assegno; to pay by instalments, pagare a rate; DIALOGO → - Paying for petrol- How would you like to pay?, come vuole pagare?; DIALOGO → - Paying 2- Can I pay by credit card?, posso pagare con carta di credito?

2 fruttare; rendere; pagare; convenire; essere conveniente: Crime doesn't pay, il delitto non paga; It pays to be honest, conviene essere onesti

● to pay attention, far attenzione; stare attento ( a quel che si dice, ecc.) □ to pay sb. by the hour, pagare q. a ore □ to pay the debt of nature, pagare il debito alla natura (lett.); morire □ to pay a call on sb. □ to pay sb. by the hour, pagare q. a ore □ to pay the debt of nature, pagare il debito alla natura (lett.); morire □ to pay a call on sb. = to pay sb. a visit ► sotto □ to pay cash, pagare in contanti □ to pay a compliment, fare un complimento □ to pay one's court to, far la corte a □ ( di una macchina, uno strumento, ecc.) to pay for itself, pagarsi ( da solo: entro un certo tempo) □ to pay homage to sb., rendere omaggio a q. □ to pay in advance, pagare in anticipo □ (fig.) to pay sb. in his own coin, pagare (o ripagare) q. della stessa moneta; rendere pan per focaccia □ to pay on the nail, pagare a tamburo battente □ ( banca) Pay self, pagate al mio ordine (o a me medesimo; abbr. M.M.) ( scritto su un assegno) □ to pay through the nose, pagare un prezzo esorbitante □ to pay a tribute to sb., onorare q.; riconoscere il merito di q. □ to pay sb. a visit, far visita a q. □ to pay one's way, far fronte ai propri impegni, ( d'investimento, impresa, ecc.) coprire le spese, rendere almeno quanto sono i costi d'esercizio □ (fig.) to pay the piper, pagare il conto; sostenere le spese; ( anche) subire le conseguenze: (prov.) He who pays the piper calls the tune, colui che paga i suonatori sceglie la musica.
(to) pay (2) /peɪ/
v. t.

(naut.) impeciare; catramare; rincatramare.

* * *
I 1. [peɪ]
nome paga f., stipendio m., retribuzione f.; (to manual worker) salario m.; (to soldier) soldo m.

back pay — arretrati sulla paga

extra pay — (paga) extra

to be in the pay of sb. — spreg. essere al soldo di qcn.

pay and allowances — retribuzione e indennità
2.
modificatore [agreement, claim, negotiations, deal] salariale; [rise, cut] di stipendio, salariale; [freeze, structure, policy] dei salari
II 1. [peɪ]
verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. paid)

1) (for goods, services) pagare [tradesman, creditor, fee]; saldare, pagare [bill, debt]; versare [ down payment] (on per)

to pay cash — pagare in contanti

to pay Ј 50 on account — versare un acconto di 50 sterline

to pay sth. into — versare qcs. su [ account]

2) (for regular work) pagare, retribuire [ employee]

to pay low wages — retribuire male

all expenses paid — tutto spesato

3) econ. [account, bond] rendere, fruttare [ interest]

to pay dividends — fig. dare buoni frutti

4) (give)

to pay attention, heed to — fare o prestare attenzione a

to pay a tribute to sb. — rendere o tributare omaggio a qcn.

to pay sb. a compliment — fare un complimento a qcn.

to pay sb. a visit — fare visita a qcn

5) (benefit)

it would pay him to do — fig. gli gioverebbe fare

it doesn't pay to do — non conviene fare
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. paid)

1) (hand over money) pagare

to pay for sth. — pagare per qcs. (anche fig.)

I'll make you pay for this! — fig. te la farò pagare! questa me la pagherai!

they're paying for him to go to college — gli pagano gli studi universitari

"pay on entry" — "pagamento all'ingresso"

you have to pay to get in — l'ingresso è a pagamento

"pay and display" — (in carpark) "esporre il voucher attestante il pagamento"

pay on demand — (on cheque) pagare a vista

2) (settle) pagare

to pay one's own way — coprire le proprie spese

3) (reward employee)

the work doesn't pay very well — il lavoro non è ben retribuito

4) (bring gain) [ business] rendere, essere redditizio; [activity, quality] essere vantaggioso, essere utile

to pay handsomely — fruttare molto bene

to pay for itself — [business, purchase] ammortizzarsi

to make sth. pay — fare fruttare o rendere qcs

•

- pay back

- pay down

- pay in

- pay off

- pay out

- pay up

••

there'll be hell — colloq. o

the devil to pay — succederà un putiferio, saranno guai grossi

to pay a visit — colloq. eufem. andare in quel posto, andare al gabinetto

English-Italian dictionary > pay
15 strike

1. noun
1) (Industry) Streik, der; Ausstand, der

be on/go [out] or come out on strike — in den Streik getreten sein/in den Streik treten

2) (Finance, Mining, Oil Industry) Treffer, der (fig. ugs.)

make a strike — sein Glück machen; (Mining) fündig werden

3) (sudden success)

[lucky] strike — Glückstreffer, der

4) (act of hitting) Schlag, der

5) (Mil.) Angriff, der (at auf + Akk.)
2. transitive verb,
struck, struck or (arch.) stricken

1) (hit) schlagen; [Schlag, Geschoss:] treffen [Ziel]; [Blitz:] [ein]schlagen in (+ Akk.), treffen; (afflict) treffen; [Epidemie, Seuche, Katastrophe usw.:] heimsuchen

strike one's head on or against the wall — mit dem Kopf gegen die Wand schlagen

the car struck a pedestrian — das Auto erfasste einen Fußgänger

the ship struck the rocks — das Schiff lief auf die Felsen

2) (delete) streichen (from, off aus)

3) (deliver)

strike two punches — zweimal zuschlagen

strike somebody a blow — jemandem einen Schlag versetzen

who struck [the] first blow? — wer hat zuerst geschlagen?

strike a blow against somebody/against or to something — (fig.) jemandem/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen

strike a blow for something — (fig.) eine Lanze für etwas brechen

4) (produce by hitting flint) schlagen [Funken]; (ignite) anzünden [Streichholz]

5) (chime) schlagen

6) (Mus.) anschlagen [Töne auf dem Klavier]; anzupfen, anreißen [Töne auf der Gitarre]; (fig.) anschlagen [Ton]

7) (impress) beeindrucken

strike somebody as [being] silly — jemandem dumm zu sein scheinen od. dumm erscheinen

it strikes somebody that... — es scheint jemandem, dass...

how does it strike you? — was hältst du davon?

8) (occur to) einfallen (+ Dat.)

9) (cause to become)

a heart attack struck him dead — er erlag einem Herzanfall

be struck blind/dumb — erblinden/verstummen

10) (attack) überfallen; (Mil.) angreifen

11) (encounter) begegnen (+ Dat.)

12) (Mining) stoßen auf (+ Akk.)

strike gold — auf Gold stoßen; (fig.) einen Glückstreffer landen (ugs.) (in mit)

13) (reach) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Hauptstraße, Weg, Fluss]

14) (adopt) einnehmen [[Geistes]haltung]

15) (take down) einholen [Segel, Flagge]; abbrechen [Zelt, Lager]
3. intransitive verb,
struck, struck or (arch.) stricken

1) (deliver a blow) zuschlagen; [Pfeil:] treffen; [Blitz:] einschlagen; [Unheil, Katastrophe, Krise, Leid:] hereinbrechen (geh.); (collide) zusammenstoßen; (hit) schlagen ( against gegen, [up]on auf + Akk.)

2) (ignite) zünden

3) (chime) schlagen

4) (Industry) streiken

5) (attack; also Mil.) zuschlagen (fig.)

6) (make a find) (Mining) fündig werden

strike lucky — Glück haben

7) (direct course)

strike south — etc. sich nach Süden usw. wenden

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/118652/strike_at">strike at

- strike back

- strike down

- strike off

- strike out

- strike through

- strike up

* * *
1. past tense - struck; verb
1) (to hit, knock or give a blow to: He struck me in the face with his fist; Why did you strike him?; The stone struck me a blow on the side of the head; His head struck the table as he fell; The tower of the church was struck by lightning.) (ein)schlagen

2) (to attack: The enemy troops struck at dawn; We must prevent the disease striking again.) zuschlagen

3) (to produce (sparks or a flame) by rubbing: He struck a match/light; He struck sparks from the stone with his knife.) entzünden, schlagen

4) ((of workers) to stop work as a protest, or in order to force employers to give better pay: The men decided to strike for higher wages.) streiken

5) (to discover or find: After months of prospecting they finally struck gold/oil; If we walk in this direction we may strike the right path.) finden, stoßen auf

6) (to (make something) sound: He struck a note on the piano/violin; The clock struck twelve.) (an)schlagen, spielen

7) (to impress, or give a particular impression to (a person): I was struck by the resemblance between the two men; How does the plan strike you?; It / The thought struck me that she had come to borrow money.) beeindrucken

8) (to mint or manufacture (a coin, medal etc).) schlagen

9) (to go in a certain direction: He left the path and struck (off) across the fields.) den Weg einschlagen

10) (to lower or take down (tents, flags etc).) abbrechen, streichen
2. noun
1) (an act of striking: a miners' strike.) der Streik

2) (a discovery of oil, gold etc: He made a lucky strike.) der Treffer

•

- striker
- striking
- strikingly
- be out on strike
- be on strike
- call a strike
- come out on strike
- come
- be within striking distance of
- strike at
- strike an attitude/pose
- strike a balance
- strike a bargain/agreement
- strike a blow for
- strike down
- strike dumb
- strike fear/terror into
- strike home
- strike it rich
- strike lucky
- strike out
- strike up
* * *

strike¹

[straɪk]

I. n

1. (of labour) Streik m, Ausstand m

sit-down \strike Sitzstreik m

solidarity \strike Solidaritätsstreik m

steel \strike Stahlarbeiterstreik m

sympathy \strike Sympathiestreik m

a wave of \strikes eine Streikwelle

wildcat \strike esp AM wilder Streik

to be [out] on \strike streiken

to be on \strike against sth/sb AM etw/jdn bestreiken

to call a \strike einen Streik ausrufen

to call for a \strike zu einem Streik aufrufen

to go [or come out] on \strike in [den] Streik treten, streiken

2. (occurrence)

one-\strike-and-you're-out policy Politik f des harten Durchgreifens

II. vi streiken, in den Ausstand treten form

▪ to \strike for sth für etw akk streiken

the right to \strike das Recht zu streiken, das Streikrecht

striking workers streikende Arbeiter

strike²

[straɪk]

I. n

1. MIL Angriff m, Schlag m ( against gegen + akk)

air \strike Luftangriff m

military \strike Militärschlag m

missile \strike Raketenangriff m

nuclear \strike Atomschlag m, Atomangriff m

pre-emptive \strike Präventivschlag m; ( fig) vorbeugende Maßnahme

retaliatory \strike Vergeltungsschlag m, Vergeltungsangriff m

surgical \strike gezielter Angriff

to launch a \strike einen Angriff starten, einen Schlag durchführen

2. (discovery) Fund m

gold/oil \strike Gold-/Ölfund m

to make a gold \strike auf Gold stoßen

3. AM ( also fig: conviction) Verurteilung f a. fig

if you're poor and you've been to prison you've already got two \strikes against you ( fig fam) wenn man arm ist und im Gefängnis war, ist man von vornherein doppelt benachteiligt

4. AM (in baseball) Fehlschlag m

5. STOCKEX Basispreis f einer Option

II. vt

<struck, struck or OLD, AM also stricken>

1. (beat)

▪ to \strike sb/an animal [with sth] jdn/ein Tier [mit etw dat] schlagen; (bang against)

▪ to \strike sth [with sth] [mit etw dat] gegen etw akk schlagen; (bang on)

▪ to \strike sth [with sth] [mit etw dat] auf etw akk schlagen

to \strike the door/table with one's fist mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch schlagen

to \strike sb in the face jdn ins Gesicht schlagen

2. (send by hitting)

to \strike a ball einen Ball schlagen/schießen

you struck the ball perfectly! das war ein perfekter Schlag/Schuss!

3. usu passive (reach, damage)

to be struck by a bullet/missile/by lightning von einer Kugel/Rakete/vom Blitz getroffen werden

4. (meet, bump against)

▪ to \strike sth gegen etw akk stoßen; (drive against)

▪ to \strike sth gegen etw akk fahren

▪ to \strike sb jdn anfahren; (sail into)

▪ to \strike sth auf etw akk auflaufen; (collide with)

▪ to \strike sth mit etw dat zusammenstoßen

her head struck the kerb sie schlug mit dem Kopf auf die Bordsteinkante

he was struck by a car er wurde von einem Auto angefahren

5. (knock, hurt)

▪ to \strike sth against/on sth mit etw dat gegen/auf etw akk schlagen

to \strike one's fist against the door/on the table mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch schlagen

to \strike one's elbow/head against [or on] sth mit dem Ellbogen/Kopf gegen etw akk schlagen

6. (inflict)

to \strike a blow zuschlagen

to \strike two blows zweimal zuschlagen

to \strike sb a blow jdm einen Schlag versetzen

to \strike a blow against [or at] sb/sth ( fig) jdm/etw einen Schlag versetzen fig

to \strike a blow for sth ( fig) eine Lanze für etw akk brechen geh

the judge's ruling \strikes a blow for racial equality das Urteil des Richters ist ein wichtiger Sieg im Kampf für die Rassengleichheit

7. (devastate)

▪ to \strike sb/sth jdn/etw heimsuchen

the flood struck Worcester die Flut brach über Worcester herein

8. (give an impression)

▪ to \strike sb as... jdm... scheinen

almost everything he said struck me as absurd fast alles, was er sagte, schien mir ziemlich verworren [o kam mir ziemlich verworren vor]

how does Jimmy \strike you? wie findest du Jimmy?

she doesn't \strike me as [being] very motivated sie scheint mir nicht besonders motiviert [zu sein]

▪ it \strikes sb that... es scheint jdm, dass...

it \strikes me that she's not very motivated es scheint mir, dass sie nicht besonders motiviert ist

9. (impress)

to \strike sb forcibly jdn sehr beeindrucken

▪ to be struck by sth von etw dat beeindruckt sein

to be struck on sb/sth ( fam: be infatuated) sich akk in jdn/etw verguckt haben fam

10. (arouse, induce)

to \strike sb's fancy jds Interesse erregen

to \strike fear [or terror] into sb jdn in Angst versetzen

11. (achieve)

▪ to \strike sth etw erreichen

how can we \strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection? wie können wir einen Mittelweg zwischen Wirtschaftswachstum und Umweltschutz finden?

one of the tasks of a chairperson is to \strike a balance between the two sides es gehört zu den Aufgaben eines Vorsitzenden, beiden Seiten gerecht zu werden

to \strike a deal [or AM also bargain] with sb mit jdm eine Vereinbarung treffen

12. (manufacture)

to \strike coins/a medal Münzen/eine Medaille prägen

13. (discover)

▪ to \strike sth auf etw akk stoßen

to \strike gold/oil auf Gold/Öl stoßen; ( fig fam) einen Glückstreffer landen fig

to \strike gold ( fig fam: at the Olympics) die Goldmedaille gewinnen

14. (play)

to \strike a chord/note einen Akkord/Ton anschlagen

to \strike the right note den richtigen Ton treffen

15. (adopt)

to \strike an attitude ( pej) sich akk in Szene setzen pej

to \strike a note of warning about sth vor etw dat warnen

to \strike a false [or wrong] note sich akk im Ton vergreifen

to \strike more serious note eine ernstere Tonart [o einen ernsteren Ton] anschlagen

to \strike the right note den richtigen Ton treffen

to \strike a pose eine Pose einnehmen

they have chosen to \strike a pose of resistance ( fig) sie haben sich zu einer ablehnenden Haltung entschieden

16. clock

to \strike midnight/the hour Mitternacht/die [volle] Stunde schlagen

to \strike twelve zwölf schlagen

the clock struck twelve die Uhr schlug zwölf, es schlug zwölf Uhr

17. (occur to)

▪ to \strike sb jdm einfallen

she was suddenly struck by the thought that... plötzlich kam ihr der Gedanke, dass...

has it ever struck you that...? ist dir je der Gedanke gekommen dass...?

it's just struck me that... mir ist gerade eingefallen, dass...

18. (remove)

to \strike camp das Lager abbrechen

to \strike one's flag die Flaggen streichen

to \strike sb/a name off a list jdn/einen Namen von einer Liste streichen

to \strike sth from the record AM LAW etw aus den Aufzeichnungen streichen

to \strike sb off the register jdm die Zulassung entziehen

19. (ignite)

to \strike a match ein Streichholz anzünden

to \strike sparks Funken schlagen

20. (render)

to be struck dumb sprachlos sein

21.

▶ to \strike a chord with sb (memories) bei jdm Erinnerungen wecken; (agreement) bei jdm Anklang finden

to \strike a responsive chord with sb bei jdm auf großes Verständnis stoßen

▶ to \strike a familiar note [with sb] [jdm] bekannt vorkommen

▶ to \strike it lucky ( fam) einen Glückstreffer landen fig

▶ to \strike it rich das große Geld machen fam

III. vi

<struck, struck or OLD, AM also stricken>

1. (reach aim, have impact) treffen; lightning einschlagen

lightning never \strikes in the same place ein Blitz schlägt nie zweimal an derselben Stelle ein

▪ to \strike at sb/sth jdn/etw treffen

the missiles struck at troops based around the city die Raketen trafen Stellungen rund um die Stadt

to \strike at the heart of sth etw vernichtend treffen

we need to \strike at the heart of this problem wir müssen dieses Problem an der Wurzel packen

to \strike at the heart of sb ( fig) jdn ins Herz treffen fig

to \strike home ins Schwarze treffen fig

the message seems to have struck home die Botschaft ist offensichtlich angekommen

2. (act) zuschlagen; (attack) angreifen

the snake \strikes quickly die Schlange beißt schnell zu

the police have warned the public that the killer could \strike again die Polizei hat die Bevölkerung gewarnt, dass der Mörder erneut zuschlagen könnte

▪ to \strike at sb/sth jdn/etw angreifen; hit out nach jdm/etw schlagen

sometimes terrorists \strike at civilians manchmal greifen Terroristen Zivilisten an

3. (cause suffering) illness, disaster ausbrechen; fate zuschlagen

4. clock schlagen

midnight has just struck es hat gerade Mitternacht geschlagen

5. (find)

▪ to \strike on/upon sth etw finden

she has just struck upon an idea ihr ist gerade eine Idee gekommen, sie hatte gerade eine Idee

6.

▶ to \strike while the iron is hot ( prov) das Eisen schmieden, solange es heiß ist prov

▶ to \strike lucky BRIT, AUS ( fam) einen Glückstreffer landen fig

* * *
[straɪk] vb: pret struck, ptp struck or ( old) stricken
1. n

1) Streik m, Ausstand m

official/unofficial strike — offizieller/wilder Streik

to be on strike — streiken, im Ausstand sein

to be on official/unofficial strike — offiziell/wild streiken

to come out on strike, to go on strike — in den Streik or Ausstand treten

to bring sb out on strike — jdn zum Streik veranlassen

See:

→ hunger strike

2) (= discovery of oil, gold etc) Fund m

a big oil strike — ein großer Ölfund

to make a strike — fündig werden

a lucky strike — ein Treffer m, ein Glücksfall m

3) (BASEBALL) verfehlter Schlag; (TENPIN BOWLING) Strike m, alle zehne

to get a strike to have the strike (Cricket) — alle zehne werfen, abräumen (inf) schlagen

three strikes and you're out — wenn du den Ball dreimal verfehlst, bist du draußen

it/she has two strikes against it/her ( esp US inf ) — es/sie hat zwei Nachteile

4) (FISHING)

he got three strikes — drei haben angebissen

5) (MIL: attack) Angriff m

6) (= act of striking) Schlag m

2. vt

1) (= hit) schlagen; door schlagen an or gegen (+acc); nail, table schlagen auf (+acc); metal, hot iron etc hämmern; (stone, blow, bullet etc) treffen; (snake) beißen; (pain) durchzucken, durchfahren; (misfortune, disaster) treffen; (disease) befallen

to strike one's fist on the table, to strike the table with one's fist — mit der Faust auf den Tisch schlagen

to strike sb/sth a blow — jdm/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen

who struck the first blow? — wer hat zuerst (zu)geschlagen?

to strike a blow for sth (fig) — eine Lanze für etw brechen

to strike a blow (at sth) (fig) — einen Schlag (gegen etw) führen

to be struck by lightning —

he struck his forehead in surprise to strike 38 ( per minute) — er schlug sich (dat) überrascht an die Stirn 38 Ruderschläge (pro Minute) machen

2) (= collide with, meet person) stoßen gegen; (spade) stoßen auf (+acc); (car) fahren gegen; ground aufschlagen or auftreffen auf (+acc); (ship) auflaufen auf (+acc); (sound, light) ears, eyes treffen; (lightning) person treffen; tree einschlagen in (+acc), treffen

to strike one's head against sth — mit dem Kopf gegen etw stoßen, sich (dat) den Kopf an etw (acc) stoßen

to strike problems (fig) —

a terrible sight struck my eyes — plötzlich sah ich etwas Schreckliches

3) (= sound) instrument zu spielen anfangen; string, chord, note anschlagen; (clock) schlagen

to strike the keys (of piano, typewriter) — in die Tasten greifen

to strike the hour — die volle Stunde schlagen

to strike 4 — 4 schlagen

that struck a familiar note — das kam mir/ihm etc bekannt vor

See:

→ note

4) (HORT) cutting schneiden; (plant) roots schlagen

5) (= occur to) in den Sinn kommen (+dat)

to strike sb as cold/unlikely etc — jdm kalt/unwahrscheinlich etc vorkommen

that strikes me as a good idea — das kommt mir sehr vernünftig vor

the funny side of it struck me later — erst später ging mir auf, wie lustig das war

a thought struck me — mir kam plötzlich ein Gedanke

6) (= impress) beeindrucken

to be struck by sth — von etw beeindruckt sein

how does it strike you? — wie finden Sie das?, was halten Sie davon?

how does she strike you? — welchen Eindruck haben Sie von ihr?

she struck me as being very competent — sie machte auf mich einen sehr fähigen Eindruck

See:

→ also struck

7) (= produce, make) coin, medal prägen; (fig) agreement, truce sich einigen auf (+acc), aushandeln; pose einnehmen

to strike a light — Feuer machen

to strike a match —

to strike sparks — Funken schlagen

to be struck blind/deaf/dumb — blind/taub/stumm werden, mit Blindheit/Taubheit/Stummheit geschlagen werden (geh)

to strike fear or terror into sb/sb's heart —

strike a light! (inf) — ach du grüne Neune! (inf), hast du da noch Töne! (inf)

8) (= find) gold, oil, correct path finden, stoßen auf (+acc)

to strike it rich — das große Geld machen

to strike gold (fig) — auf eine Goldgrube stoßen

See:

→ oil

9) (= make) path hauen

10) (= take down) camp, tent abbrechen; (NAUT) flag, sail einholen, streichen; mast kappen, umlegen; (THEAT) set abbauen

11) (= remove) streichen

stricken from a list/the record — von einer Liste/aus dem Protokoll gestrichen werden

3. vi

1) (= hit) treffen; (lightning) einschlagen; (snake) zubeißen; (tiger) die Beute schlagen; (attack, MIL ETC) zuschlagen, angreifen; (disease) zuschlagen; (panic) ausbrechen

to strike against sth — gegen etw stoßen

to strike at sb/sth (lit) — nach jdm/etw schlagen; ( fig : at democracy, existence ) an etw (dat) rütteln

they struck at his weakest point — sie trafen ihn an seinem wundesten Punkt

to strike at the roots of sth — etw an der Wurzel treffen

to be/come within striking distance of sth — einer Sache (dat) nahe sein

to put sb within striking distance of sth — jdn in Reichweite von etw bringen

to come within striking distance of doing sth — nahe daran sein, etw zu tun

they were within striking distance of success —

the snake struck at me — die Schlange fuhr auf mich los

See:

→ home, iron

2) (clock) schlagen

when midnight strikes — wenn es Mitternacht schlägt

3) (workers) streiken

4) (match) zünden, angehen

5) (NAUT: run aground) auflaufen (on auf +acc)

6) (FISHING) anbeißen

7)

inspiration struck — er/sie etc hatte eine Eingebung

to strike on a new idea — eine neue Idee haben, auf eine neue Idee kommen

8) (= take root) Wurzeln schlagen

9)

(= go in a certain direction) to strike across country — querfeldein gehen

to strike into the woods — sich in die Wälder schlagen

the sun struck through the mist — die Sonne brach durch den Dunst

* * *

strike [straık]

A s

1. Schlag m, Hieb m, Stoß m

2. (Glocken) Schlag m

3. Schlag(werk) m(n) (einer Uhr)

4. WIRTSCH Streik m, Ausstand m:

be on strike streiken;

go on strike in (den) Streik oder in den Ausstand treten;

on strike streikend

5. Bowling: Strike m (Abräumen beim 1. Wurf)

6. Angeln:

a) Ruck m mit der Angel

b) Anbeißen n (des Fisches)

7. Münzherstellung: Prägungsmenge f

8. Bergbau:

a) Streichen n (der Schichten)

b) (Streich)Richtung f

9. umg Treffer m, Glücksfall m:

a lucky strike ein Glückstreffer

10. MIL

a) (besonders Luft-) Angriff m

b) (Atom) Schlag m

B v/t prät struck [strʌk], pperf struck, stricken [ˈstrıkən]

1. schlagen, Schläge oder einen Schlag versetzen (dat), allg treffen:

strike sb in the face jemanden ins Gesicht schlagen;

strike together zusammen-, aneinanderschlagen;

she was struck by a stone sie wurde von einem Stein getroffen;

he was struck dead by lightning er wurde vom Blitz erschlagen;

strike me dead! sl so wahr ich hier stehe!

2. ein Messer etc stoßen ( into in akk)

3. einen Schlag führen: → blow² 1

4. MUS einen Ton, auch eine Glocke, Saite, Taste anschlagen: → chord¹ 2, note A 9, A 11

5. a) ein Streichholz anzünden, ein Feuer machen

b) Funken schlagen

6. mit dem Kopf, Fuß etc stoßen oder schlagen ( against gegen)

7. stoßen oder schlagen gegen oder auf (akk), zusammenstoßen mit, SCHIFF auflaufen auf (akk), einschlagen in (akk) (Geschoss, Blitz)

8. fallen auf (akk) (Licht), auftreffen auf (akk), das Auge oder Ohr treffen:

a sound struck his ear ein Laut schlug an sein Ohr;

strike sb’s eye jemandem ins Auge fallen

9. fig jemandem einfallen oder in den Sinn kommen:

an idea struck him ihm kam oder er hatte eine Idee

10. jemandem auffallen:

what struck me was … was mir auffiel oder worüber ich staunte, war …

11. Eindruck machen auf (akk), jemanden beeindrucken:

be struck by beeindruckt oder hingerissen sein von;

be struck on a girl umg in ein Mädchen verknallt sein

12. jemandem gut etc vorkommen:

how does it strike you? was hältst du davon?;

it struck her as ridiculous es kam ihr lächerlich vor

13. stoßen auf (akk), (zufällig) treffen oder entdecken, Gold etc finden: → oil A 1, rich A 7

14. Wurzeln schlagen: → root¹ A 1

15. THEAT Kulissen etc abbauen

16. ein Zelt etc abbrechen: → camp¹ A 1

17. SCHIFF

a) die Flagge, Segel streichen

b) (weg)fieren: → flag¹ A 1, A 2, sail A 1

18. den Fisch mit einem Ruck (der Angel) auf den Haken spießen

19. a) seine Beute schlagen (Habicht etc)

b) die Giftzähne schlagen in (akk) (Schlange)

20. TECH glatt streichen

21. a) MATH den Durchschnitt, das Mittel nehmen

b) WIRTSCH die Bilanz, den Saldo ziehen

c) WIRTSCH eine Dividende ausschütten: → balance A 7, mean³ B 1, B 2

22. streichen ( off von einer Liste etc): → Medical Register, roll A 2, strike off 2, strike through

23. eine Münze, Medaille schlagen, prägen

24. die Stunde etc schlagen (Uhr): → twelve A

25. fig jemanden schlagen, heimsuchen, treffen (Unglück, Not etc), befallen (Krankheit)

26. jemanden erfüllen ( with mit Schrecken, Schmerz etc)

27. jemanden blind, taub etc machen: → dumb A 3

28. ein Tempo, eine Gangart anschlagen

29. eine Haltung oder Pose an-, einnehmen

30. WIRTSCH einen Handel abschließen: → bargain Bes Redew

31. strike work

a) WIRTSCH die Arbeit niederlegen,

b) Feierabend machen

C v/i

1. a) (zu)schlagen, (-)stoßen: → iron A 1

b) fig zuschlagen:

the killer has struck again

2. schlagen, treffen:

strike at

a) jemanden oder nach jemandem schlagen,

b) fig zielen auf (akk): → root¹ A 1

3. fig zuschlagen, angreifen

4. zubeißen (Schlange)

5. (on)

a) schlagen, stoßen (an akk, gegen)

b) SCHIFF auflaufen (auf akk), (auf Grund) stoßen

6. fallen (Licht), auftreffen (Lichtstrahl, Schall etc) (on auf akk)

7. strike on auf Öl, Erz etc stoßen ( → B 13)

8. schlagen (Uhr): → hour 3

9. sich entzünden (Streichholz)

10. ELEK sich (plötzlich) entladen (Funke): → strike across

11. einschlagen, treffen (Blitz, Geschoss)

12. BOT Wurzeln schlagen

13. den Weg einschlagen, sich (plötzlich) wenden ( beide:

to the right, etc nach rechts etc):

strike for home umg heimgehen;

strike into

a) einbiegen in (akk), einen Weg einschlagen,

b) fig plötzlich verfallen in (akk), etwas beginnen;

strike into a gallop in Galopp verfallen;

strike into a subject sich einem Thema zuwenden

14. WIRTSCH streiken ( for um; against gegen)

15. SCHIFF die Flagge streichen (to vor dat) (auch fig)

16. GEOL streichen (Schicht)

17. Angeln:

a) anbeißen (Fisch)

b) den Fisch mit einem Ruck (der Angel) auf den Haken spießen

18. (durch)dringen (to zu; into in akk; through durch) (Kälte etc)

* * *
1. noun
1) (Industry) Streik, der; Ausstand, der

be on/go [out] or come out on strike — in den Streik getreten sein/in den Streik treten

2) (Finance, Mining, Oil Industry) Treffer, der (fig. ugs.)

make a strike — sein Glück machen; (Mining) fündig werden

3) (sudden success)

[lucky] strike — Glückstreffer, der

4) (act of hitting) Schlag, der

5) (Mil.) Angriff, der (at auf + Akk.)
2. transitive verb,
struck, struck or (arch.) stricken

1) (hit) schlagen; [Schlag, Geschoss:] treffen [Ziel]; [Blitz:] [ein]schlagen in (+ Akk.), treffen; (afflict) treffen; [Epidemie, Seuche, Katastrophe usw.:] heimsuchen

strike one's head on or against the wall — mit dem Kopf gegen die Wand schlagen

the car struck a pedestrian — das Auto erfasste einen Fußgänger

the ship struck the rocks — das Schiff lief auf die Felsen

2) (delete) streichen (from, off aus)

3) (deliver)

strike two punches — zweimal zuschlagen

strike somebody a blow — jemandem einen Schlag versetzen

who struck [the] first blow? — wer hat zuerst geschlagen?

strike a blow against somebody/against or to something — (fig.) jemandem/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen

strike a blow for something — (fig.) eine Lanze für etwas brechen

4) (produce by hitting flint) schlagen [Funken]; (ignite) anzünden [Streichholz]

5) (chime) schlagen

6) (Mus.) anschlagen [Töne auf dem Klavier]; anzupfen, anreißen [Töne auf der Gitarre]; (fig.) anschlagen [Ton]

7) (impress) beeindrucken

strike somebody as [being] silly — jemandem dumm zu sein scheinen od. dumm erscheinen

it strikes somebody that... — es scheint jemandem, dass...

how does it strike you? — was hältst du davon?

8) (occur to) einfallen (+ Dat.)

9) (cause to become)

a heart attack struck him dead — er erlag einem Herzanfall

be struck blind/dumb — erblinden/verstummen

10) (attack) überfallen; (Mil.) angreifen

11) (encounter) begegnen (+ Dat.)

12) (Mining) stoßen auf (+ Akk.)

strike gold — auf Gold stoßen; (fig.) einen Glückstreffer landen (ugs.) (in mit)

13) (reach) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Hauptstraße, Weg, Fluss]

14) (adopt) einnehmen [[Geistes]haltung]

15) (take down) einholen [Segel, Flagge]; abbrechen [Zelt, Lager]
3. intransitive verb,
struck, struck or (arch.) stricken

1) (deliver a blow) zuschlagen; [Pfeil:] treffen; [Blitz:] einschlagen; [Unheil, Katastrophe, Krise, Leid:] hereinbrechen (geh.); (collide) zusammenstoßen; (hit) schlagen ( against gegen, [up]on auf + Akk.)

2) (ignite) zünden

3) (chime) schlagen

4) (Industry) streiken

5) (attack; also Mil.) zuschlagen (fig.)

6) (make a find) (Mining) fündig werden

strike lucky — Glück haben

7) (direct course)

strike south — etc. sich nach Süden usw. wenden

Phrasal Verbs:

- strike at

- strike back

- strike down

- strike off

- strike out

- strike through

- strike up

* * *

n.

Stoß ¨-e m.

Streik -s m.

Treffer - m. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: struck)

or p.p.: stricken•) = anzünden v.

auffallen v.

drücken v.

schlagen v.

(§ p.,pp.: schlug, geschlagen)

stoßen v.

(§ p.,pp.: stieß, gestossen)

streiken v.

treffen v.

(§ p.,pp.: traf, getroffen)

English-german dictionary > strike
16 stand

stænd
1. сущ.
1) остановка
2) сопротивление firm, resolute, strong stand ≈ решительное сопротивление They took a resolute stand on the issue of tax reform. ≈ Они оказали решительное сопротивление проведению налоговой реформы. Syn: policy
3) а) место, местоположение take one's stand Syn: attitude, position, posture б) спорт трибуна( на скачках и т. п.) в) амер. место свидетеля в суде
4) а) автобусная (троллейбусная и т.д.) остановка б) стоянка (такси и т. п.)
5) взгляд, позиция, точка зрения He took a stand of the leading party. ≈ Он встал на позиции партии большинства.
6) пьедестал;
подставка;
этажерка;
консоль, подпора, стойка Syn: shore
7) ларек, киоск, палатка;
стенд fruit stand ≈ фруктовый ларек, фруктовая палатка hot-dog stand ≈ палатка, где продаются хот-доги newsstand ≈ амер. газетный киоск vegetable stand ≈ овощной киоск, зеленная лавка
8) = standing
2.
1)
9) а) урожай на корню б) лесопосадка, лесонасаждение
10) а) театр. остановка в каком-л. месте для гастрольных представлений;
спорт остановка для серии показательных матчей б) место гастрольных представлений или проведения показательных матчей
11) тех. станина
2. гл.
1) а) стоять, вставать( обыкн. stand up) We stood up to see better. ≈ Мы встали, чтобы лучше видеть( происходящее). He is too weak to stand. ≈ Он еле держится на ногах от слабости. б) водружать, помещать, ставить в) спец. делать стойку, вставать в стойку (о собаке)
2) быть высотой в... He stands six feet three. ≈ Его рост 6 футов 3 дюйма.
3) а) быть расположенным, находиться;
занимать место б) перен. занимать определенное положение( в социальном аспекте) stand well with smb.
4) держаться;
быть устойчивым, прочным, крепким;
устоять The house still stands. ≈ Дом еще держится. These boots have stood a good deal of wear. ≈ Эти сапоги хорошо послужили. This colour will stand. ≈ Эта краска не слиняет. Not a stone was left standing. ≈ Камня на камне не осталось.
5) а) выдерживать, выносить, терпеть How does he stand pain? ≈ Как он переносит боль? I can't stand him. ≈ Я его не выношу. б) подвергаться( чему-л.)
6) (обыкн. как глагол-связка) находиться, быть в определенном состоянии He stands first in his class. ≈ Он занимает первое место в классе. stand alone stand high
7) иметь определенную точку зрения;
занимать определенную позицию Here I stand. ≈ Вот моя точка зрения.
8) оставаться в силе, быть действительным (тж. stand good) That translation may stand. ≈ Этот перевод может остаться без изменений.
9) мор. идти, держать курс
10) разг. угощать Who's going to stand treat? ≈ Кто будет платить за угощение? ∙ stand against stand aside stand at stand away stand back stand behind stand between stand by stand down stand for stand in stand off stand on stand out stand over stand to stand together stand up stand up for stand upon stand up to stand up with How do matters stand? ≈ Как обстоят дела? I don't know where I stand. ≈ Не знаю, что дальше со мной будет (или что меня ждет). to stand Sam ≈ платить за угощение to stand on end ≈ стоять дыбом( о волосах) стойка;
подставка, подпорка;
штатив, консоль - coat-and-hat * стоячая вешалка - towel * вешалка для полотенец - umbrella * подставка для зонтов - conductor's * дирижерский пульт столик (газетный, журнальный) ларек, киоск - book * книжный киоск - fruit * фруктовый ларек /-ая палатка/ прилавок стенд, установка для испытания буфетная стойка эстрада трибуна (на стадионе, скачках) зрители на трибунах - to play to the *s играть на зрителя кафедра, трибуна (американизм) (юридическое) место для дачи свидетельских показаний в суде - to take the * давать показания место, позиция, положение - to take one's * занять место, расположиться - he took his * near the door он стал у двери позиция, установка, точка зрения - to take a definite * on the question of civil rights занять определенную позицию в вопросе о гражданских правах - to take a * for independence отстаивать независимость - to make a * for smth., smb. отстаивать что-л., кого-л.;
выступать в защиту чего-л., кого-л. - to make a * against smb., smth. оказывать сопротивление кому-л., чему-л., выступать против кого-л. - to take a * for a proposal высказаться за предложение боевая позиция;
оборона, защита - last * последняя линия обороны - goal-line * (спортивное) защита линии ворот( спортивное) стояние, стойка - a * on tiptoe стойка на носках (гимнастика) стоянка (автомобилей, велосипедов) (военное) пост остановка, пауза - to bring /to put/ to a * остановить - to come /to be brought/ to a * остановиться - business has been brought to a * деловая активность замерла (театроведение) остановка в каком-л. месте для гастрольных представлений - a one-night * однодневная гастроль (театроведение) город, где даются гастроли недоумение, смущение, затруднение;
дилемма - to be at a * быть в замешательстве /в недоумении, в растерянности/ - to put smb. at a * поставить в тупик /смутить, привести в недоумение/ кого-л. (военное) комплект - a * of ammo /of ammunition/ (американизм) комплект выстрела (охота) выводок( сельскохозяйственное) урожай на корню - a good * of wheat хороший рожай пшеницы на полях (сельскохозяйственное) подрост;
травостой, стеблестой ( техническое) станина;
клеть( прокатного стана) (реактивно-техническое) пусковой ствол стойло( локомотива) стоять - to * on tiptoe стоять на цыпочках - to * at attention стоять по стойке смирно - to * guard /sentinel, sentry/ (военное) стоять на часах - to * in smb.'s light загораживать кому-л. свет;
стать кому-л. поперек дороги - to * in the way of smb., smth. преградить кому-л., чему-л. путь - if you want to teach, I certainly shan't * in your way если ты хочешь стать учителем, я, разумеется, не буду тебе мешать - to * on the defensive обороняться, защищаться;
(военное) занимать оборону - to * on the offensive( военное) нападать, атаковать - he stood stock-still он стоял не двигаясь /как вкопанный/ вставать - to * on end вставать дыбом (о волосах) - everyone stood все встали находиться, быть расположенным - the castle *s on a hill замок стоит /расположен/ на холме - an elm stood before the house перед домом стоял вяз - the house *s very well дом расположен в прекрасном месте - tears stood in her eyes у нее в глазах стояли слезы - sweat stood on his brow у него на лбу выступил пот занимать положение (относительно чего-л.) - the thermometer stood at 0 degrees термометр показывал 0 градусов - he *s first in his class он первый ученик в классе (over) наклоняться над кем-л. - to * over smb. стоять у кого-л. над душой, наблюдать за кем-л., контролировать кого-л. - I hate to be stood over when I am doing a job of work не выношу, когда у меня стоят над душой во время работы - you'll have to * over the new man until he learns the routine вам придется присмотреть за новым работником, пока он не освоится с техникой дела ставить, помещать - to * a ladder against a wall прислонить стремянку к стене - * the lamp by the chair поставь торшер возле кресла - the farther stood the boy in a corner отец поставил мальчика в угол поставить - to * a box on end поставить ящик стоймя - she picked the child up and stood him on his feet она подняла ребенка и поставила его на ножки не двигаться, стоять на месте - the car stood waiting for the green light машина ждала зеленый свет - who goes there? S. and be identified! кто идет? Стой и предъяви документы! (оклик часового) останавливаться, прекращать движение (тж. * still) не работать, простаивать, стоять - the mines stood all last week рудники стояли всю прошлую неделю быть устойчивым, прочным, крепким - to * hard /a good deal of/ wear оказаться прочным в носке - the colour will * эта краска устойчивая /не полиняет, не сойдет, не выгорит/ - the ruins will * эти развалины еще постоят (тж. to) быть стойким, держаться - to * fast /firm/ стойко держаться;
быть стойким в убеждениях - to * to one's promise сдержать свое обещание, выполнить обещанное - to * to one's duty неукоснительно выполнять свой долг - to * to one's colours /to one's principles, to one's guns/ быть верным своим принципам, твердо придерживаться своих принципов - to * by one's guns не сдаваться, упорно держаться своего - to * to it (that...) твердо настаивать на том, что... - to * one's ground не сдавать позиций, стоять на своем;
оставаться верным своим убеждениям выдерживать, выносить, переносить - to * heat выносить /выдерживать/ жару - to * a siege выдержать осаду - to * the test of time выдержать проверку временем - to * fire (военное) выстоять под огнем - to * pain well уметь переносить боль - it looks as if he can * drink похоже, что он не откажется от рюмочки подвергаться - to * an assault подвергнуться нападению - to * trial предстать перед судом - to * inspection (американизм) (военное) проходить осмотр - he stood a barrage of questions его засыпали градом вопросов - he stood in jeopardy of losing his driving licence он рисковал потерять водительские права (иногда for) выносить, терпеть, мириться - he cannot * criticism он не терпит /не выносит/ критики - I can't * the thought of losing мне невыносима сама мысль о проигрыше - I could never * the fellow я всегда терпеть не мог этого парня - I won't * (for) that я не потерплю этого обыкн. (юридическое) оставаться в силе, действовать;
сохранять силу, тождество - to * good /in force/ иметь силу, оставаться в силе - the order will * приказ останется в силе придерживаться определенной точки зрения, занимать определенную позицию - how does he * on the disarmament question? какова его точка зрения на разоружение? - he always stood for liberty он всегда защищал /стоял за/ свободу - he firmly *s against abortions он убежденный противник абортов (on, upon) настаивать( на чем-л.) - to * on one's dignity требовать к себе уважения - to * on ceremony соблюдать условности, придерживаться этикета - he will * on his rights он будет настаивать на своих правах, он не откажется от своих прав основываться( на чем-л.) - to * on the Fifth Amendment сослаться на пятую поправку (к конституции США) зависеть( от чего-л.) быть написанным, напечатанным - to copy a passage as it *s переписать отрывок слово в слово - leave it as it *s оставь так, как написано иметь определенное количество стоячих мест - this bus *s 41 people в этом автобусе сорок одно стоячее место (with) быть в каких-л. отношениях с кем-л. - to * high with smb. пользоваться чьей-л. благосклонностью - to * well with smb. быть на хорошем счету у кого-л.;
быть в хороших отношениях с кем-л. (морское) идти, держать курс, направляться - to * for the harbour держать курс /направляться/ в гавань - to * the North держаться к северу( охота) делать стойку (о собаке) иметь в перспективе - to * a chance /(амер) a show/ иметь шанс(ы) (на успех и т. п.) - to * to win иметь все шансы на выигрыш /на успех/ - to * to lose идти на верное поражение - to * or fall уцелеть или погибнуть;
пан или пропал - I * or fall by their decision от их решения зависит моя судьба - he *s to make quite a profit ему предстоит получить немалую прибыль( сельскохозяйственное) быть производителем (особ. о жеребце) ;
быть пригодным для случки (о самце) обстоять( о делах и т. п.) ;
находиться в определенном положении - the affair /the business, the case, the matter/ *s thus дело обстоит так /следующим образом/ платить (за угощение) ;
ставить (вино и т. п.) - to * one's friends a dinner угостить друзей обедом - to * a bottle of wine поставить бутылку вина - to * treat платить (за кого-л.) - we went to a baseball game, myself *ing treat мы пошли на бейсбольный матч, и я взял билеты на всех быть кандидатом (от какого-л. округа) ;
баллотироваться( в каком-л. округе) - he will * for re-election in his own district он будет повторно баллотироваться в своем избирательном округе - he stood as a Labour candidate он был кандидатом от лейбористов - he is *ing as the official nominee for the post он официально выдвинут на этот пост - to stand for smth. символизировать, означать что-л.;
представлять что-л. - white *s for purity белый цвет - символ чистоты - I dislike the man and all he *s for я отрицательно отношусь к этому человеку и ко всему, что он представляет - what do your initials * for? расшифруйте ваши инициалы, напишите ваше имя полностью - to stand by smb., smth. защищать, поддерживать кого-л., что-л.;
помогать кому-л., чему-л.;
быть верным кому-л., чему-л. - to * by the Constitution неукоснительно придерживаться конституции - to * by agreement( юридическое) придерживаться соглашения - to * by one's friends быть верным другом - he will * by his friends through thick and thin он будет стоять горой за своих друзей - she stood by her husband through all his troubles она поддерживала мужа во всех невзгодах - I * by every word of what I wrote я подтверждаю все то, о чем я писал - I must * by what I said я готов повторить то, что сказал - to stand in with smb. for smth. совместно с кем-л. организовать тайное, обыкн. выгодное предприятие - to stand in smth. (разговорное) стоить, обходиться в... - it stood me in a lot of money это стоило мне уйму денег как глагол-связка в именном сказуемом: находиться, быть в каком-л. состоянии - to * alone не иметь сторонников;
не иметь себе равных - to * aloof /apart/ держаться в стороне - to * aloof from an argument не вмешиваться в спор - to * assured of smth. быть уверенным в чем-л. - I * assured of his protection я уверен в его поддержке - to * in awe /in terror/ of smth. бояться /страшиться/ чего-л. - to * in need of smth. нуждаться в чем-л. - to * ready for anything быть готовым на все /ко всему/ - to * corrected признавать ошибки - to * accused быть обвиненным - to * in defence of smb. (юридическое) защищать кого-л. - to * secure быть в безопасности - I * indebted to this gentleman я в долгу у этого господина выступать в качестве кого-л., быть кем-л. - to * godfather быть чьим-л. крестным отцом - to * surety /sponsor/ for smb. быть поручителем за кого-л.;
брать кого-л. на поруки быть определенного роста - he *s six feet two его рост шесть футов два дюйма > not to know where one *s не знать, как поступить /как себя вести/, быть в неопределенности > to * on one's own feet /on one's own legs/ быть самостоятельным, не нуждаться ни в чьей помощи, стоять на своих собственных ногах > to * on one's own bottom быть независимым, быть самому себе головой > to * on one's hind legs показывать характер;
становиться на дыбы > to * clear отходить (в сторону) > as it *s при нынешнем /при создавшемся/ положении;
в данных условиях;
так, как оно есть > as it *s we can give no definitive answer при данных обстоятельствах /в настоящее время/ мы не можем дать определенного ответа > to see the position as it really *s видеть положение как оно есть /в настоящем свете/ > to * smb. in good stead оказаться полезным кому-л., сослужить кому-л. службу > to * pat твердо придерживаться своего решения, не менять своей позиции, стоять на своем;
не менять карты, не брать прикуп (в покере) > to * the racket расплачиваться;
отвечать( за что-л.) ;
выдерживать испытание /бурю/ > to * to reason быть понятным, ясным, само собой разумеющимся > to * in one's own light вредить самому себе > to * in the breach принять на себя главный удар > to * at bay( охота) отбиваться от наседающих собак (о загнанном звере) ;
отчаянно защищаться;
(военное) упорно обороняться > to * head and shoulders above smb. намного превосходить кого-л. > she *s head and shoulders above the other applicants она стоит несравненно выше, чем другие кандидаты на должность > to do smth. *ing on one's head сделать что-л. без всякого труда, легко добиться чего-л. > the boy will pass his examination *ing on his head мальчику ничего не стоит сдать экзамен, мальчик просто не может провалиться > all *ing внезапно, без подготовки > * and deliver! кошелек или жизнь! > * on me for that! (сленг) клянусь!, честное слово! ~ остановка;
to come to a stand остановиться;
to bring to a stand остановить ~ остановка;
to come to a stand остановиться;
to bring to a stand остановить to ~ high corn stands high this year в этом году цены на кукурузу высокие exhibition ~ выставочный стенд ~ урожай на корню;
a good stand of clover густой клевер ~ (stood) стоять;
he is too weak to stand он еле держится на ногах от слабости;
to stand out of the path сойти с дороги ~ (обыкн. как глагол-связка) находиться, быть в определенном состоянии;
he stands first in his class он занимает первое место в классе stand быть высотой в...;
he stands six feet three его рост 6 футов 3 дюйма ~ out не сдаваться;
держаться;
he stood out for better terms он старался добиться лучших условий ~ занимать определенную позицию;
here I stand вот моя точка зрения ~ держаться;
быть устойчивым, прочным;
устоять;
to stand fast стойко держаться;
the house still stands дом еще держится ~ up to перечить, прекословить;
to stand Sam sl. платить за угощение;
how do matters stand? как обстоят дела? how does he ~ pain? как он переносит боль?;
I can't stand him я его не выношу how does he ~ pain? как он переносит боль?;
I can't stand him я его не выношу I don't know where I ~ не знаю, что дальше со мной будет (или что меня ждет) ;
to stand on end стоять дыбом (о волосах) it stands to reason that само собой разумеется, что;
to stand to win иметь все шансы на выигрыш ~ out мор. удаляться от берега;
stand over оставаться нерешенным;
быть отложенным, отсроченным;
let the matter stand over отложите это дело ~ сопротивление;
to make a stand for выступить в защиту;
to make a stand against оказывать сопротивление;
выступить против ~ сопротивление;
to make a stand for выступить в защиту;
to make a stand against оказывать сопротивление;
выступить против this colour will ~ эта краска не слиняет;
not a stone was left standing камня на камне не осталось ~ up sl.: to stand (smb.) up подвести( кого-л.) ;
stand up for защищать, отстаивать;
stand upon = stand on;
to stand upon one's right отстаивать (или стоять за) свои права stand быть высотой в...;
he stands six feet three его рост 6 футов 3 дюйма ~ = standing ~ быть расположенным, находиться ~ взгляд, точка зрения;
to take one's stand стать на (какую-л.) точку зрения ~ вставать (обыкн. stand up) ;
we stood up to see better мы встали, чтобы лучше видеть (происходящее) ~ выдерживать, выносить, терпеть;
подвергаться;
to stand the test выдержать испытание ~ делать стойку (о собаке) ~ держаться;
быть устойчивым, прочным;
устоять;
to stand fast стойко держаться;
the house still stands дом еще держится ~ занимать определенное положение ~ занимать определенную позицию;
here I stand вот моя точка зрения ~ мор. идти, держать курс ~ киоск ~ ларек ~ ларек, киоск;
стенд ~ лесонасаждение ~ театр. остановка в (каком-л.) месте для гастрольных представлений;
место гастрольных представлений ~ амер. место свидетеля в суде ~ (обыкн. как глагол-связка) находиться, быть в определенном состоянии;
he stands first in his class он занимает первое место в классе ~ оставаться в силе, быть действительным (тж. stand good) ;
that translation may stand этот перевод может остаться без изменений ~ останавливаться (обыкн. stand still) ~ остановка;
to come to a stand остановиться;
to bring to a stand остановить ~ позиция, место ~ прилавок ~ пьедестал;
подставка;
этажерка;
подпора, консоль, стойка ~ сопротивление;
to make a stand for выступить в защиту;
to make a stand against оказывать сопротивление;
выступить против ~ ставить, помещать, водружать ~ тех. станина ~ стоянка (такси и т. п.) ~ (stood) стоять;
he is too weak to stand он еле держится на ногах от слабости;
to stand out of the path сойти с дороги ~ трибуна (на скачках и т. п.) ~ разг. угощать;
who's going to stand treat? кто будет платить за угощение?;
to stand a good dinner угостить (кого-л.) вкусным обедом ~ урожай на корню;
a good stand of clover густой клевер ~ разг. угощать;
who's going to stand treat? кто будет платить за угощение?;
to stand a good dinner угостить (кого-л.) вкусным обедом ~ against противиться, сопротивляться;
stand away, stand back отступать, держаться сзади ~ and deliver! руки вверх!;
"кошелек или жизнь"!;
to stand to lose идти на верное поражение ~ against противиться, сопротивляться;
stand away, stand back отступать, держаться сзади ~ against противиться, сопротивляться;
stand away, stand back отступать, держаться сзади ~ behind отставать;
stand between быть посредником между ~ behind отставать;
stand between быть посредником между ~ by радио быть готовым начать или принимать передачу;
stand down покидать свидетельское место (в суде) ~ by быть наготове ~ by держать, выполнять;
придерживаться;
to stand by one's promise сдержать обещание ~ by защищать, помогать, поддерживать;
to stand by one's friend быть верным другом ~ by придерживаться соглашения ~ by присутствовать;
быть безучастным зрителем ~ by защищать, помогать, поддерживать;
to stand by one's friend быть верным другом ~ by держать, выполнять;
придерживаться;
to stand by one's promise сдержать обещание to ~ alone быть выдающимся, непревзойденным;
to stand convicted of treason быть осужденным за измену to ~ corrected признать ошибку;
осознать справедливость( замечания и т. п.) ;
to stand in need (of smth.) нуждаться (в чем-л.) ~ by радио быть готовым начать или принимать передачу;
stand down покидать свидетельское место (в суде) ~ down выходить из дела ~ down уступать право ~ for быть кандидатом;
баллотироваться ~ for поддерживать, стоять за ~ for символизировать, означать ~ for терпеть, выносить to ~ one's friend быть другом;
to stand godmother to the child быть крестной матерью ребенка to ~ high быть в почете to ~ high corn stands high this year в этом году цены на кукурузу высокие ~ in быть в хороших отношениях, поддерживать хорошие отношения ~ in мор. идти к берегу, подходить к порту ~ in принимать участие, помогать ( with) ~ in стоить to ~ corrected признать ошибку;
осознать справедливость (замечания и т. п.) ;
to stand in need (of smth.) нуждаться (в чем-л.) ~ off держаться на расстоянии от;
отодвинуться от ~ off отстранить, уволить (на время) ~ off мор. удаляться от берега ~ on зависеть (от чего-л.) ~ on мор. идти прежним курсом ~ on точно соблюдать (условности и т. п.) ~ up sl.: to stand (smb.) up подвести (кого-л.) ;
stand up for защищать, отстаивать;
stand upon = stand on;
to stand upon one's right отстаивать (или стоять за) свои права I don't know where I ~ не знаю, что дальше со мной будет (или что меня ждет) ;
to stand on end стоять дыбом (о волосах) to ~ one's friend быть другом;
to stand godmother to the child быть крестной матерью ребенка ~ out выделяться, выступать;
to stand out against a background выделяться на фоне ~ out не сдаваться;
держаться;
he stood out for better terms он старался добиться лучших условий ~ out мор. удаляться от берега;
stand over оставаться нерешенным;
быть отложенным, отсроченным;
let the matter stand over отложите это дело ~ out выделяться, выступать;
to stand out against a background выделяться на фоне ~ (stood) стоять;
he is too weak to stand он еле держится на ногах от слабости;
to stand out of the path сойти с дороги ~ out мор. удаляться от берега;
stand over оставаться нерешенным;
быть отложенным, отсроченным;
let the matter stand over отложите это дело ~ up to перечить, прекословить;
to stand Sam sl. платить за угощение;
how do matters stand? как обстоят дела? ~ выдерживать, выносить, терпеть;
подвергаться;
to stand the test выдержать испытание test: stand the ~ выдерживать испытания stand the ~ выдерживать проверку ~ to выполнять (обещание и т. п.) ~ to держаться (чего-л.) ;
to stand to one's colours не отступать, твердо держаться своих принципов;
to stand to it твердо настаивать (на чем-л.) ~ to поддерживать что-л. ~ to держаться (чего-л.) ;
to stand to one's colours не отступать, твердо держаться своих принципов;
to stand to it твердо настаивать (на чем-л.) ~ and deliver! руки вверх!;
"кошелек или жизнь"!;
to stand to lose идти на верное поражение ~ to держаться (чего-л.) ;
to stand to one's colours не отступать, твердо держаться своих принципов;
to stand to it твердо настаивать (на чем-л.) it stands to reason that само собой разумеется, что;
to stand to win иметь все шансы на выигрыш ~ up вставать ~ up оказываться прочным ~ up sl.: to stand (smb.) up подвести (кого-л.) ;
stand up for защищать, отстаивать;
stand upon = stand on;
to stand upon one's right отстаивать (или стоять за) свои права ~ up sl.: to stand (smb.) up подвести (кого-л.) ;
stand up for защищать, отстаивать;
stand upon = stand on;
to stand upon one's right отстаивать (или стоять за) свои права ~ up to перечить, прекословить;
to stand Sam sl. платить за угощение;
how do matters stand? как обстоят дела? ~ up to смело встречать;
быть на высоте ~ up sl.: to stand (smb.) up подвести (кого-л.) ;
stand up for защищать, отстаивать;
stand upon = stand on;
to stand upon one's right отстаивать (или стоять за) свои права ~ up sl.: to stand (smb.) up подвести (кого-л.) ;
stand up for защищать, отстаивать;
stand upon = stand on;
to stand upon one's right отстаивать (или стоять за) свои права to ~ well (with smb.) быть в хороших отношениях (с кем-л.) to ~ well (with smb.) быть на хорошем счету( у кого-л.) ~ = standing standing: standing pres. p. от stand ~ длительность ~ нахождение, (место) положение ~ неизменный ~ неподвижный, стационарный;
standing barrage воен. неподвижный заградительный огонь ~ общественное положение ~ положение;
репутация;
вес в обществе;
a person of high standing высокопоставленное лицо ~ постоянно действующий ~ постоянный;
установленный;
standing army постоянная армия;
standing committee постоянная комиссия ~ постоянный;
установленный ~ постояный ~ продолжительность;
a quarrel of long standing давнишняя ссора ~ продолжительность ~ производимый из стоячего положения ~ простаивающий, неработающий ~ репутация ~ стаж ~ стаж работы ~ стояние;
to have no standing не иметь веса;
быть неубедительным ~ стоячий, непроточный( о воде) ~ стоящий;
standing corn хлеб на корню ~ финансовое положение ~ взгляд, точка зрения;
to take one's stand стать на (какую-л.) точку зрения to take one's ~ занять место to take one's ~ основываться (on, upon - на) ~ оставаться в силе, быть действительным (тж. stand good) ;
that translation may stand этот перевод может остаться без изменений these boots have stood a good deal of wear эти сапоги хорошо послужили this colour will ~ эта краска не слиняет;
not a stone was left standing камня на камне не осталось ~ up sl.: to stand (smb.) up подвести (кого-л.) ;
stand up for защищать, отстаивать;
stand upon = stand on;
to stand upon one's right отстаивать (или стоять за) свои права viewing ~ трибуна для зрителей ~ вставать (обыкн. stand up) ;
we stood up to see better мы встали, чтобы лучше видеть (происходящее) ~ разг. угощать;
who's going to stand treat? кто будет платить за угощение?;
to stand a good dinner угостить (кого-л.) вкусным обедом

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > stand
17 line

I
1.
noun
1) ((a piece of) thread, cord, rope etc: She hung the washing on the line; a fishing-rod and line.) cuerda, cordel, sedal

2) (a long, narrow mark, streak or stripe: She drew straight lines across the page; a dotted/wavy line.) línea

3) (outline or shape especially relating to length or direction: The ship had very graceful lines; A dancer uses a mirror to improve his line.) línea

4) (a groove on the skin; a wrinkle.) arruga

5) (a row or group of objects or persons arranged side by side or one behind the other: The children stood in a line; a line of trees.) fila, hilera

6) (a short letter: I'll drop him a line.) cuatro líneas

7) (a series or group of persons which come one after the other especially in the same family: a line of kings.) linaje

8) (a track or direction: He pointed out the line of the new road; a new line of research.) trazado

9) (the railway or a single track of the railway: Passengers must cross the line by the bridge only.) vía

10) (a continuous system (especially of pipes, electrical or telephone cables etc) connecting one place with another: a pipeline; a line of communication; All (telephone) lines are engaged.) cable, línea

11) (a row of written or printed words: The letter contained only three lines; a poem of sixteen lines.) línea

12) (a regular service of ships, aircraft etc: a shipping line.) compañía

13) (a group or class (of goods for sale) or a field of activity, interest etc: This has been a very popular new line; Computers are not really my line.) línea, gama

14) (an arrangement of troops, especially when ready to fight: fighting in the front line.) línea

2. verb
1) (to form lines along: Crowds lined the pavement to see the Queen.) ponerse en fila, hacer cola

2) (to mark with lines.) dibujar rayas

•

- lineage
- linear

- lined

- liner

- lines
- linesman
- hard lines!
- in line for
- in
- out of line with
- line up
- read between the lines
II
verb
1) (to cover on the inside: She lined the box with newspaper.) llenar, forrar

2) (to put a lining in: She lined the dress with silk.) forrar, revestir

•

- lined

- liner

- lining

line¹ n

1. línea / raya

a straight line una línea recta

paper with lines on it papel con rayas

2. fila / hilera

a line of trees una hilera de árboles

3. tendedero

hang the clothes on the line tiende la ropa en el tendedero

Cuando line significa tendedero, es la forma abreviada de clothes line o washing line

line² vb

1. ponerse en fila

the soldiers lined up los soldados se pusieron en fila

2. forrar

the jacket is lined with silk la americana está forrada de seda

line

tr[laɪn]

noun

1 (in general) línea

■ in a straight line en línea recta

■ draw a line under the correct answer subraye la respuesta correcta

■ along the usual lines en la línea habitual

■ he said something along those lines dijo algo por el estilo

■ hold the line, please un momento, por favor, no cuelgue

2 (drawn on paper) raya

3 (of text) línea, renglón nombre masculino; (of poetry) verso

■ new line punto y aparte

4 (row) fila, hilera

■ a line of trees una hilera de árboles

5 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (queue) cola

6 (wrinkle) arruga

7 (cord) cuerda, cordel nombre masculino; (fishing) sedal nombre masculino; (wire) cable nombre masculino

8 (route) vía

9 familiar (speciality) especialidad nombre femenino

■ that's not my line! ¡eso no es especialidad mía!

■ what's your line? ¿qué haces?, ¿de qué trabajas?

10 familiar (story) rollo

■ so then he gave me the usual line y entonces me vino con el rollo de siempre

11 slang (of cocaine) raya

transitive verb

1 (draw lines on) dibujar rayas en

2 (mark with wrinkles) arrugar

3 (form rows along) bordear

■ trees lined the country road la carretera rural estaba bordeada de árboles

■ the crowds lined the streets to greet the local hero la multitud se alineaba a lo largo de las calles para aclamar al héroe local

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

all along the line (from the beginning) desde el principio 2 (in detail) con todo detalle

hard lines! familiar ¡qué mala suerte!

in line with figurative use conforme a

to be in line for estar a punto de recibir

■ he's in line for a rise soon pronto le subirán el sueldo

to be on the right lines ir por buen camino

to be out of line figurative use no coincidir ( with, con)

to bring somebody into line familiar pararle los pies a alguien

to come to the end of the line llegar al final

to draw the line at something decir basta a algo

to drop somebody a line familiar mandar cuatro líneas a alguien

to fall into line cerrar filas

to know where to draw the line saber decir basta

to learn one's lines SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL aprenderse el papel

to read between the lines leer entre líneas

to stand in line SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL hacer cola

to step out of line salirse de la fila 2 figurative use saltarse las reglas

to take a tough line with somebody tener mano dura con alguien

dotted line línea de puntos

line drawing dibujo lineal

line of fire línea de fuego

line of vision campo visual

line printer impresora de líneas

line spacer interlineador nombre masculino

————————

line

tr[laɪn]

transitive verb

1 (with material) forrar; (pipes) revestir

2 (walls) llenar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to line one's pockets familiar forrarse

line ['laɪn] v, lined ; lining vt

1) : forrar, cubrir

to line a dress: forrar un vestido

to line the walls: cubrir las paredes

2) mark: rayar, trazar líneas en

3) border: bordear

4) align: alinear

line vi

to line up : ponerse in fila, hacer cola

line n

1) cord, rope: cuerda f

2) wire: cable m

power line: cable eléctrico

3) : línea f (de teléfono)

4) row: fila f, hilera f

5) note: nota f, líneas fpl

drop me a line: mándame unas líneas

6) course: línea f

line of inquiry: línea de investigación

7) agreement: conformidad f

to be in line with: ser conforme a

to fall into line: estar de acuerdo

8) occupation: ocupación f, rama f, especialidad f

9) limit: línea f, límite m

dividing line: línea divisoria

to draw the line: fijar límites

10) service: línea f

bus line: línea de autobuses

11) mark: línea f, arruga f (de la cara)

line

n.

• andana s.f.

• cola s.f.

• cordel s.m.

• fila s.f.

• línea (Electrónica) s.f.

• línea s.f.

• ramo s.m.

• raya s.f.

• renglón s.m.

• retahila s.f.

• sarta s.f.

• trazo s.m.

• verso s.m.

v.

• aforrar v.

• alinear v.

• arrugar v.

• forrar v.

• frisar v.

• rayar v.

I laɪn
noun

1) c

a) (mark, trace) línea f, raya f; ( Math) recta f

to draw a line — trazar* una línea

to put o draw a line through something — tachar algo

to be on the line — (colloq) estar* en peligro, peligrar

to lay it on the line — (colloq) no andarse* con rodeos

to lay o put something on the line — (colloq) jugarse* algo; (before n)

line drawing — dibujo m lineal

b) (on face, palm) línea f; ( wrinkle) arruga f

2)

a) c (boundary, border) línea f

the county/state line — (AmE) (la línea de) la frontera del condado/estado

to draw the line (at something): I don't mind untidiness, but I draw the line at this no me importa el desorden, pero esto es intolerable or esto ya es demasiado; one has to draw the line somewhere — en algún momento hay que decir basta

b) c ( Sport) línea f; (before n)

line judge — juez mf de línea

c) c u ( contour) línea f

3)

a) c u (cable, rope) cuerda f; ( clothes o washing line) cuerda (de tender la ropa); ( fishing line) sedal m

power line — cable m eléctrico

b) c ( Telec) línea f

the lines are down — no hay línea

hold the line, please — no cuelgue or (CS tb) no corte, por favor

it's a very bad line — se oye muy mal

4) c ( Transp)

a) (company, service) línea f

shipping line — línea de transportes marítimos, (compañía f) naviera f

b) ( Rail) línea f; ( track) (BrE) vía f

5) u c

a) (path, direction) línea f

line of fire — línea de fuego

it was right in my line of vision — me obstruía la visual; resistance

b) (attitude, policy) postura f, línea f

to take a firm/hard line (with somebody/on something) — adoptar una postura or línea firme/dura (con algn/con respecto a algo)

she takes the line that... — su actitud es que...

to toe o (AmE also) hew the line — acatar la disciplina

c) (method, style)

line of inquiry — línea f de investigación

line of argument — argumento m

I was thinking of something along the lines of... — pensaba en algo del tipo de or por el estilo de...

we're thinking along similar lines — pensamos de la misma manera

6) c

a) ( row) fila f, hilera f; ( queue) (AmE) cola f

they formed a o fell into line behind their teacher — se pusieron en fila detrás del profesor

the soldiers fell into line — los soldados se alinearon

to wait in line — (AmE) hacer* cola

to get in line — (AmE) ponerse* en la cola

to cut in line — (AmE) colarse* (fam), brincarse* or saltarse la cola (Méx fam)

all/somewhere along the line: she's had bad luck all along the line ha tenido mala suerte desde el principio; we must have made a mistake somewhere along the line debemos de haber cometido un error en algún momento; in line with something: wages haven't risen in line with inflation los sueldos no han aumentado a la par de la inflación; the new measures are in line with government policy las nuevas medidas siguen la línea de la política del gobierno; out of line: that remark was out of line ese comentario estuvo fuera de lugar; their ideas were out of line with mine sus ideas no coincidían con las mías; to step out of line mostrar* disconformidad, desobedecer*; to bring somebody/something into line: he needs to be brought into line hay que llamarlo al orden or (fam) meterlo en vereda; the province was brought into line with the rest of the country la situación de la provincia se equiparó a la del resto del país; to fall in/into line: they had to fall in line with company policy tuvieron que aceptar or acatar la política de la compañía; to keep somebody in line — tener* a algn a raya; see also on line

b) ( series) serie f

he's the latest in a long line of radical leaders — es el último de una larga serie de dirigentes radicales

c) ( succession) línea f

the title passes through the female line — el título se transmite por línea materna

he's next in line to the throne — es el siguiente en la línea de sucesión al trono

7) c ( Mil) línea f

behind enemy lines — tras las líneas enemigas

8)

a) c ( of text) línea f, renglón m; ( of poem) verso m

the best line in the movie — la mejor frase de la película

new line — ( when dictating) punto y aparte

to read between the lines — leer* entre líneas

b) lines pl ( Theat)

to learn one's lines — aprenderse el papel

he forgot his lines — se olvidó de lo que le tocaba decir

c) ( note)

to drop somebody a line — escribirle* a algn unas líneas

9) c

a) ( area of activity)

what line are you in? — ¿a qué te dedicas?

in my line of business — en mi trabajo or profesión

b) ( of merchandise) línea f

II

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<skirt/box\>\> forrar

b) ( form lining along) cubrir*

books lined the walls, the walls were lined with books — las paredes estaban cubiertas de libros

2) ( mark with lines) \<\<paper\>\> rayar

3) ( border)

the avenue is lined with trees — la avenida está bordeada de árboles

crowds lined the route — cientos de personas estaban alineadas a ambos lados del camino

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- line up

- line up with

I [laɪn]
1. N

1) (gen) línea f; (drawn) raya f

• to draw a line — trazar una línea

• there's a fine or thin line between genius and madness — la línea que separa la genialidad de la locura es muy sutil

• line of latitude/ longitude — línea f de latitud/longitud

• to put a line through sth — tachar or (LAm) rayar algo

• the Line — (Geog) el ecuador

- draw the line at sth

one must draw the line somewhere — hay que fijar ciertos límites

- know where to draw the line

- draw a line under

to be on the line —

his job is on the line — su puesto está en peligro, se expone a perder su puesto

- lay it on the line

to lay or put one's reputation on the line — arriesgar su reputación

to put one's neck on the line ** —

to put one's ass on the line — (US) ** jugársela *

2) (=rope) cuerda f; (=fishing line) sedal m; (=clothes line, washing line) cuerda f para tender la ropa

they threw a line to the man in the sea — le lanzaron un cable or una cuerda al hombre que estaba en el agua

3) (=wrinkle) (on face etc) arruga f; (in palmistry) raya f, línea f

4) [of print, verse] renglón m, línea f

"new line" — (in dictation) "otra línea"

• drop me a line * — (fig) escríbeme

• to learn one's lines — (Theat) aprenderse el papel

- read between the lines

5) (=row) hilera f, fila f, línea f

line of traffic — fila f or cola f de coches

the traffic stretched for three miles in an unbroken line — había una caravana or cola de coches de tres millas

a line of winning numbers — (in bingo, lottery etc) una línea ganadora

• to be in line with — estar de acuerdo con, ser conforme a

to be in line for promotion — estar bajo consideración para un ascenso

public sector pay is in line to rise — está previsto que suban los salarios del sector público

to keep the party in line — mantener la disciplina del partido

to keep people in line — mantener a la gente a raya

• to bring sth into line with sth — poner algo de acuerdo con algo

to fall or get into line — (abreast) meterse en fila

to fall into line with sb — estar de acuerdo con algn

to fall into line with sth — ser conforme a algo

• to be out of line with — no ser conforme con

he was completely out of line to suggest that... * — estaba totalmente fuera de lugar que propusiera que...

- all along the line

somewhere along the line we went wrong — en algún punto nos hemos equivocado

- reach or come to the end of the line
step 2., 1)
6) (=series) serie f

the latest in a long line of tragedies — la última de una larga serie or lista de tragedias

7) (=lineage) linaje m

• line of descent — linaje m

• the title is inherited through the male/ female line — el título se hereda por línea paterna/materna

• he comes from a long line of artists — proviene de un extenso linaje de artistas

• the royal line — el linaje real

8) (=hierarchy)

• line of command — cadena f de mando

9) (Mil) línea f

• line of battle — línea de batalla

the (battle) lines are drawn — (fig) la guerra está declarada

• the first line of defence — (lit) la primera línea de retaguardia; (fig) el primer escudo protector

• behind enemy lines — tras las líneas enemigas

• ship of the line — navío m de línea
front 5.
10) (esp US) (=queue) cola f

• to form a line — hacer una cola

• to get into line — ponerse en la cola or a la cola

• to stand in line — hacer cola

11) (=direction) línea f

the main or broad lines — [of story, plan] las líneas maestras

• along or on the lines of — algo por el estilo de

something along those or the same lines — algo por el estilo

along or on political/racial lines — según criterios políticos/raciales

on the right lines — por buen camino

• line of argument — argumento m

• line of attack — (Mil) modo m de ataque; (fig) planteamiento m

• in the line of duty — en cumplimiento de sus deberes

it's all in the line of duty — es una parte normal del deber

• in the line of fire — (Mil) en la línea de fuego

• line of flight — [of bird] trayectoria f de vuelo; [of object] trayectoria f

• line of inquiry — línea f de investigación

• line of sight or vision — visual f

• line of thought — hilo m del pensamiento

12) (Elec) (=wire) cable m

to be/come on line — (Comput) estar/entrar en (pleno) funcionamiento

13) (Telec) línea f

can you get me a line to Chicago? — ¿me puede poner con Chicago?

• it's a very bad line — se oye muy mal

• lines of communication — líneas fpl de comunicación

to keep the lines of communication open with sb — mantener todas las líneas de comunicación abiertas con algn

• the line's gone dead — se ha cortado la línea

• the lines are down — no hay línea

• the line is engaged or (US) busy — está comunicando

• hold the line please — no cuelgue, por favor

• Mr. Smith is on the line (for you) — El Sr. Smith está al teléfono (y quiere hablar con usted)

• the lines are open from six o'clock onwards — las líneas están abiertas de seis en adelante
hot 4.
14) (=pipe) (for oil, gas) conducto m

15) (=shape) (usu pl)

the rounded lines of this car — la línea redondeada or el contorno redondeado de este coche

16) (=field, area)

what line (of business) are you in? — ¿a qué se dedica?

we're in the same line (of business) — nos dedicamos a lo mismo, trabajamos en el mismo campo

line of research — campo m de investigación

it's not my line — (=speciality) no es de mi especialidad

fishing's more (in) my line — me interesa más la pesca, de pesca sí sé algo

17) (=stance, attitude) actitud f

• to take a strong or firm line on sth — adoptar una actitud firme sobre algo

to take the line that... — ser de la opinión que...

what line is the government taking? — ¿cuál es la actitud del gobierno?

to follow or take the line of least resistance — conformarse con la ley del mínimo esfuerzo

this is the official line — esta es la versión oficial

- toe the line

to toe or follow the party line — conformarse a or seguir la línea del partido
hard 1., 5)
18) (Comm) (=product) línea f

a new/popular line — una línea nueva/popular

that line did not sell at all — esa línea de productos se vendió muy mal

we have a nice line in spring hats — tenemos un bonito surtido de sombreros para primavera

he's got a nice line in rude jokes — lo suyo son los chistes verdes

19) (Rail) (=route) línea f; (=track) vía f

down line — vía descendente

up line — vía ascendente

the line to Palencia — el ferrocarril de Palencia, la línea de Palencia

• to cross the line(s) — cruzar la vía

• to leave the line(s) — descarrilar

20) (also: shipping line) (=company) naviera f; (=route) línea f marítima, ruta f marítima

21) (=clue, lead) pista f

• to give sb a line on sth — poner a algn sobre la pista de algo

the police have a line on the criminal — la policía anda or está sobre la pista del delincuente

22) (=spiel)

- feed sb a line about sth
shoot 2., 4)
23) (Ind) (=assembly line) línea f

24) [of cocaine etc] raya f

2.

VT (=cross with lines) [+ paper] rayar; [+ field] surcar; [+ face] arrugar

3.

CPD

line dancing N — danza folclórica en que los que bailan forman líneas y filas

line drawing N — dibujo m lineal

line editing N — corrección f por líneas

line feed N — avance m de línea

line fishing N — pesca f con caña

line judge N — (Tennis) juez mf de fondo

line manager N — (Brit) (Ind) jefe(-a) m / f de línea

line printer N — impresora f de línea

- line up

II

[laɪn]
VT
1) (=put lining in) [+ garment] forrar ( with de); (Tech) revestir ( with de); [+ brakes] guarnecer; [bird] [+ nest] cubrir

eat something to line your stomach — come algo para no tener el estómago vacío
pocket 1., 1)
2) (=border)

streets lined with trees — calles fpl bordeadas de árboles

to line the route — alinearse a lo largo de la ruta

to line the streets — ocupar las aceras

portraits lined the walls — las paredes estaban llenas de retratos

* * *

I [laɪn]
noun

1) c

a) (mark, trace) línea f, raya f; ( Math) recta f

to draw a line — trazar* una línea

to put o draw a line through something — tachar algo

to be on the line — (colloq) estar* en peligro, peligrar

to lay it on the line — (colloq) no andarse* con rodeos

to lay o put something on the line — (colloq) jugarse* algo; (before n)

line drawing — dibujo m lineal

b) (on face, palm) línea f; ( wrinkle) arruga f

2)

a) c (boundary, border) línea f

the county/state line — (AmE) (la línea de) la frontera del condado/estado

to draw the line (at something): I don't mind untidiness, but I draw the line at this no me importa el desorden, pero esto es intolerable or esto ya es demasiado; one has to draw the line somewhere — en algún momento hay que decir basta

b) c ( Sport) línea f; (before n)

line judge — juez mf de línea

c) c u ( contour) línea f

3)

a) c u (cable, rope) cuerda f; ( clothes o washing line) cuerda (de tender la ropa); ( fishing line) sedal m

power line — cable m eléctrico

b) c ( Telec) línea f

the lines are down — no hay línea

hold the line, please — no cuelgue or (CS tb) no corte, por favor

it's a very bad line — se oye muy mal

4) c ( Transp)

a) (company, service) línea f

shipping line — línea de transportes marítimos, (compañía f) naviera f

b) ( Rail) línea f; ( track) (BrE) vía f

5) u c

a) (path, direction) línea f

line of fire — línea de fuego

it was right in my line of vision — me obstruía la visual; resistance

b) (attitude, policy) postura f, línea f

to take a firm/hard line (with somebody/on something) — adoptar una postura or línea firme/dura (con algn/con respecto a algo)

she takes the line that... — su actitud es que...

to toe o (AmE also) hew the line — acatar la disciplina

c) (method, style)

line of inquiry — línea f de investigación

line of argument — argumento m

I was thinking of something along the lines of... — pensaba en algo del tipo de or por el estilo de...

we're thinking along similar lines — pensamos de la misma manera

6) c

a) ( row) fila f, hilera f; ( queue) (AmE) cola f

they formed a o fell into line behind their teacher — se pusieron en fila detrás del profesor

the soldiers fell into line — los soldados se alinearon

to wait in line — (AmE) hacer* cola

to get in line — (AmE) ponerse* en la cola

to cut in line — (AmE) colarse* (fam), brincarse* or saltarse la cola (Méx fam)

all/somewhere along the line: she's had bad luck all along the line ha tenido mala suerte desde el principio; we must have made a mistake somewhere along the line debemos de haber cometido un error en algún momento; in line with something: wages haven't risen in line with inflation los sueldos no han aumentado a la par de la inflación; the new measures are in line with government policy las nuevas medidas siguen la línea de la política del gobierno; out of line: that remark was out of line ese comentario estuvo fuera de lugar; their ideas were out of line with mine sus ideas no coincidían con las mías; to step out of line mostrar* disconformidad, desobedecer*; to bring somebody/something into line: he needs to be brought into line hay que llamarlo al orden or (fam) meterlo en vereda; the province was brought into line with the rest of the country la situación de la provincia se equiparó a la del resto del país; to fall in/into line: they had to fall in line with company policy tuvieron que aceptar or acatar la política de la compañía; to keep somebody in line — tener* a algn a raya; see also on line

b) ( series) serie f

he's the latest in a long line of radical leaders — es el último de una larga serie de dirigentes radicales

c) ( succession) línea f

the title passes through the female line — el título se transmite por línea materna

he's next in line to the throne — es el siguiente en la línea de sucesión al trono

7) c ( Mil) línea f

behind enemy lines — tras las líneas enemigas

8)

a) c ( of text) línea f, renglón m; ( of poem) verso m

the best line in the movie — la mejor frase de la película

new line — ( when dictating) punto y aparte

to read between the lines — leer* entre líneas

b) lines pl ( Theat)

to learn one's lines — aprenderse el papel

he forgot his lines — se olvidó de lo que le tocaba decir

c) ( note)

to drop somebody a line — escribirle* a algn unas líneas

9) c

a) ( area of activity)

what line are you in? — ¿a qué te dedicas?

in my line of business — en mi trabajo or profesión

b) ( of merchandise) línea f

II

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<skirt/box\>\> forrar

b) ( form lining along) cubrir*

books lined the walls, the walls were lined with books — las paredes estaban cubiertas de libros

2) ( mark with lines) \<\<paper\>\> rayar

3) ( border)

the avenue is lined with trees — la avenida está bordeada de árboles

crowds lined the route — cientos de personas estaban alineadas a ambos lados del camino

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- line up

- line up with

English-spanish dictionary > line
18 life

plural - lives; noun

1) (the quality belonging to plants and animals which distinguishes them from rocks, minerals etc and things which are dead: Doctors are fighting to save the child's life.) vida

2) (the period between birth and death: He had a long and happy life.) vida

3) (liveliness: She was full of life and energy.) vida

4) (a manner of living: She lived a life of ease and idleness.) vida

5) (the period during which any particular state exists: He had many different jobs during his working life.) vida

6) (living things: It is now believed that there may be life on Mars; animal life.) vida

7) (the story of a life: He has written a life of Churchill.) biografía

8) (life imprisonment: He was given life for murder.) cadena perpetua

•

- lifeless
- lifelike
- life-and-death
- lifebelt
- lifeboat
- lifebuoy
- life-cycle
- life expectancy
- lifeguard
- life-jacket
- lifeline
- lifelong
- life-saving
- life-sized
- life-size
- lifetime
- as large as life
- bring to life
- come to life
- for life
- the life and soul of the party
- not for the life of me
- not on your life!
- take life
- take one's life
- take one's life in one's hands
- to the life

life n vida

she saved my life me salvó la vida

El plural de life se escribe lives

life

tr[laɪf]

noun (pl lives tr[laɪvz])

1 vida

■ she can't play tennis for her life es una negada para el tenis

■ never in my life have I heard such nonsense! ¡jamás en la vida había oído tales estupideces!

2 (of battery) duración nombre femenino

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

for dear life con toda su fuerza

it's a matter of life and death es cuestión de vida o muerte

not on your life! familiar ¡ni hablar!

run for your life «(lives)»! ¡sálvese quien pueda!

to be the life and soul of the party ser el alma de la fiesta

to bring somebody back to life resucitar a alguien

to come to life cobrar vida

to have the time of one's life pasárselo como nunca

to live the life of Riley familiar pegarse la gran vida

to lose one's life perder la vida

to take one's life in one's hands (risk) arriesgar la vida 2 (control) controlar su propia vida

to take one's own life suicidarse, quitarse la vida

to take somebody's life matar a alguien

life belt / life buoy salvavidas nombre masculino

life cycle ciclo vital

life expectancy esperanza de vida

life insurance seguro de vida

life imprisonment cadena perpetua

life jacket chaleco salvavidas

life preserver SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL salvavidas nombre masculino

life sentence cadena perpetua

life story biografía

life style estilo de vida

life ['laɪf] n, pl lives ['laɪvz]

1) : vida f

plant life: la vida vegetal

2) existence: vida f, existencia f

3) biography: biografía f, vida f

4) duration: duración f, vida f

5) liveliness: vivacidad f, animación f

life

adj.

• perpetuo, -a adj.

• vital adj.

• vitalicio, -a adj.

n.

(§ pl.: lives) = animación s.f.

• existencia s.f.

• ser s.m.

• tiempo de vida s.m.

• vida s.f.

• vigencia s.f.

• vivir s.m.

laɪf
noun (pl lives)

1) c u ( existence) vida f

it will last you for life — te durará toda la vida

maimed for life — lisiado de por vida

for the rest of my life — por el resto de mis días

early in life — en su (or mi, etc) juventud

in later life — más tarde or más adelante

at my time of life — a mi edad, con la edad que tengo

he began life as a car salesman — empezó vendiendo coches

the man/woman in your life — el hombre/la mujer de tu vida

to have the time of one's life — divertirse* como nunca or (fam) de lo lindo

to live life to the full — vivir la vida al máximo

to see life — ver* mundo

you can bet your life we'll be late! — (colloq) te apuesto lo que quieras a que llegamos tarde!

to lose one's life — perder* la vida

no lives were lost — no hubo muertos

to risk one's life — arriesgar* la vida

to save somebody's life — salvarle la vida a alguien

to take somebody's life — (frml) darle* muerte a alguien (frml)

to take one's (own) life — (frml) quitarse la vida (frml)

a matter of life and death — una cuestión de vida o muerte

as large as life — en carne y hueso

he couldn't darn a sock to save his life — no sería capaz de zurcir un calcetín ni aun si le fuera la vida en ello

larger than life: the characters are all larger than life todos los personajes son creaciones que desbordan la realidad; he was a larger-than-life character era un personaje exuberante; not for the life of one: I can't remember for the life of me no me puedo acordar por nada del mundo; not on your life! ni muerto!; to cling/hold on for dear life aferrarse/agarrarse desesperadamente; to fight/run for one's life: they had to run for their lives tuvieron que correr como alma que lleva el diablo; run for your lives! sálvese quien pueda!; he was fighting for (his) life se debatía entre la vida y la muerte; to frighten o scare the life out of somebody darle* or pegarle* un susto mortal a alguien; (to have) the shock of one's life llevarse el susto de su (or mi etc) vida; she gave the performance of her life actuó como nunca; to risk life and limb arriesgar* la vida; to take one's life in one's hands jugarse* la vida; (before n) <member, pension, president> vitalicio; life force fuerza f vital; life imprisonment cadena f perpetua; life sentence condena f a perpetuidad or a cadena perpetua; his life story — la historia de su vida

2) u

a) ( vital force) vida f

it brings the history of this period to life — hace cobrar vida a este período de la historia

to bring somebody back to life — resucitar a alguien

to come to life — \<\<party\>\> animarse; \<\<puppet/doll\>\> cobrar vida

b) ( vitality) vida f, vitalidad f

to inject new life into something — revitalizar* algo

to be the life o (esp BrE) the life and soul of the party — ser* el alma de la fiesta

3) u ( lifestyle) vida f

married life — la vida de casado

this is the life (for me)! — esto sí que es vida!

to live the life of Riley — darse* la gran vida, vivir a cuerpo de rey

4) u ( living things) vida f

animal/plant life — vida animal/vegetal

5) u ( duration - of battery) duración f, vida f; (- of agreement) vigencia f

6) u ( imprisonment) (colloq) cadena f perpetua

he got life — lo condenaron a cadena perpetua

7) u ( Art)

to paint/draw from life — pintar/dibujar del natural

8) c ( biography) vida f

[laɪf]
1. N
(pl lives)
1) (=animate state) vida f

life on earth — la vida en la tierra

bird life — los pájaros

there is not much insect life here — aquí hay pocos insectos

plant life — vida f vegetal, las plantas fpl

• to bring sb back to life — resucitar or reanimar a algn

• a matter of life and death — cosa f de vida o muerte

I don't believe in life after death — no creo en la vida después de la muerte

• to risk life and limb — jugarse la vida

2) (=existence) vida f

the life of an ant — la vida de una hormiga

how's life? * — ¿cómo te va (la vida)?, ¿qué hubo? (Mex, Chile)

I do have a life outside of work, you know — yo hago otras cosas en mi vida aparte de trabajar ¿sabes?

• to begin life as... — empezar la vida como...

life begins at 40 — la vida comienza a los 40

• to depart this life — liter partir de esta vida

• in early/later life — en los años juveniles/maduras

• I can't for the life of me remember * — por más que lo intento no puedo recordar

I clung on for dear life — me agarré como si me fuera la vida en ello

she was fighting for her life — se debatía entre la vida y la muerte

run for your life! — ¡sálvese quien pueda!

to be on trial for one's life — ser acusado de un crimen capital

• you gave me the fright of my life! — ¡qué susto me diste!

• life goes on or must go on — la vida sigue

• to lay down one's life — dar su vida, entregar su vida

• to lose one's life — perder la vida

how many lives were lost? — ¿cuántas víctimas hubo?

three lives were lost — murieron tres

• never in my life — en mi vida

• in the next life — en el más allá, en la otra vida

• to have a life of its own — [object, machine] tener vida propia

• in real life — en la vida real

• to see life — ver mundo

• to spend one's life doing sth — pasar la vida haciendo algo

• to take sb's life — quitar la vida a algn

to take one's own life — quitarse la vida, suicidarse

you'll be taking your life in your hands if you climb up there — subir allí es jugarse la vida

• at my time of life — a mi edad, con los años que yo tengo

• his life won't be worth living — más le valdría morirse

it's more than my life's worth — sería jugarme la vida
bed 1., 4), private 3., save I, 1., 1)
3) (=way of living)

• country/ city life — la vida de la ciudad/del campo

• the good life — una vida agradable; (Rel) la vida santa

it's a good life — es una vida agradable

I've had a good life — la vida me ha tratado bien

• it's a hard life — la vida es muy dura

• to make a new life for o.s., to start a new life — comenzar una vida nueva

• to live one's own life — ser dueño de su propia vida

• to lead a quiet life — llevar una vida tranquila
Riley
4) (in exclamations)

• get a life! * — ¡espabílate y haz algo!

• (upon) my life! — † ¡Dios mío!

• not on your life! * — ¡ni hablar!

• such is life!, that's life! — ¡así es la vida!

• this is the life! — ¡esto sí que es vida!, ¡esto es jauja!

what a life! — (=bad) ¡qué vida esta!; (=good) ¡vaya vida!, ¡eso sí que es vivir bien!

5) (=liveliness) vida f

• his acting brought the character to life — su actuación dio vida al personaje

she brought the party to life — animó la fiesta

• to come to life — animarse

• to put or breathe new life into sth/sb — infundir nueva vida a algo/algn

you need to put a bit of life into it — tienes que ponerle un poco de garra

• the life and soul of the party — el alma de la fiesta

6) (=lifespan) [of person] vida f ; [of licence] vigencia f, validez f ; [of battery] vida f, duración f

during the life of this government — durante el mandato de este gobierno

• friends for life — amigos mpl para siempre

scarred for life — con una cicatriz de por vida

a job for life — un trabajo para toda la vida

these birds mate for life — estas aves tienen una sola pareja en su vida

• it was her life's work — fue el trabajo de toda su vida

7) * (=life imprisonment)

• to do life — cumplir una condena de cadena or reclusión perpetua

• to get life, be sentenced to life — ser condenado a cadena or reclusión perpetua

8) (Art)

• to paint from life — pintar del natural

• true to life — fiel a la realidad

9) (=biography) vida f

10) (US)
** [of prostitute]
she's in the life — hace la calle *, es una mujer de la vida

2.

CPD

life and death struggle N — lucha f a vida o muerte

life annuity N — pensión f or anualidad f vitalicia

life assurance N — seguro m de vida

life class N — (Art) clase f de dibujo al natural

life coach N — profesional encargado de mejorar la situación laboral y personal de sus clientes

life cycle N — ciclo m vital

life drawing N — dibujo m del natural

life expectancy N — esperanza f de vida

life force N — fuerza f vital

life form N — forma f de vida

Life Guards NPL — (Brit) (Mil) regimiento de caballería

life history N — [of person] (historia f de la) vida f ; hum, iro vida f y milagros * mpl

the life history of the salmon — (la historia de) la vida del salmón

life imprisonment N — cadena f perpetua

life insurance N — = life assurance

life interest N — usufructo m vitalicio

life jacket N — chaleco m salvavidas

life member N — miembro m vitalicio

life membership N —

to take out a life membership — inscribirse como miembro vitalicio or de por vida

life peer N — (Brit) (Parl) miembro de la Cámara de los Lores de carácter no hereditario

life preserver N — (Brit) cachiporra f ; (US) chaleco m salvavidas

life president N — presidente mf de por vida

life raft N — balsa f salvavidas

life sciences NPL — ciencias fpl de la vida

life sentence N — condena f a perpetuidad

life span N — [of person] vida f ; [of product] vida f útil

life story N — biografía f

life vest N — (US) chaleco m salvavidas

* * *
[laɪf]
noun (pl lives)

1) c u ( existence) vida f

it will last you for life — te durará toda la vida

maimed for life — lisiado de por vida

for the rest of my life — por el resto de mis días

early in life — en su (or mi, etc) juventud

in later life — más tarde or más adelante

at my time of life — a mi edad, con la edad que tengo

he began life as a car salesman — empezó vendiendo coches

the man/woman in your life — el hombre/la mujer de tu vida

to have the time of one's life — divertirse* como nunca or (fam) de lo lindo

to live life to the full — vivir la vida al máximo

to see life — ver* mundo

you can bet your life we'll be late! — (colloq) te apuesto lo que quieras a que llegamos tarde!

to lose one's life — perder* la vida

no lives were lost — no hubo muertos

to risk one's life — arriesgar* la vida

to save somebody's life — salvarle la vida a alguien

to take somebody's life — (frml) darle* muerte a alguien (frml)

to take one's (own) life — (frml) quitarse la vida (frml)

a matter of life and death — una cuestión de vida o muerte

as large as life — en carne y hueso

he couldn't darn a sock to save his life — no sería capaz de zurcir un calcetín ni aun si le fuera la vida en ello

larger than life: the characters are all larger than life todos los personajes son creaciones que desbordan la realidad; he was a larger-than-life character era un personaje exuberante; not for the life of one: I can't remember for the life of me no me puedo acordar por nada del mundo; not on your life! ni muerto!; to cling/hold on for dear life aferrarse/agarrarse desesperadamente; to fight/run for one's life: they had to run for their lives tuvieron que correr como alma que lleva el diablo; run for your lives! sálvese quien pueda!; he was fighting for (his) life se debatía entre la vida y la muerte; to frighten o scare the life out of somebody darle* or pegarle* un susto mortal a alguien; (to have) the shock of one's life llevarse el susto de su (or mi etc) vida; she gave the performance of her life actuó como nunca; to risk life and limb arriesgar* la vida; to take one's life in one's hands jugarse* la vida; (before n) <member, pension, president> vitalicio; life force fuerza f vital; life imprisonment cadena f perpetua; life sentence condena f a perpetuidad or a cadena perpetua; his life story — la historia de su vida

2) u

a) ( vital force) vida f

it brings the history of this period to life — hace cobrar vida a este período de la historia

to bring somebody back to life — resucitar a alguien

to come to life — \<\<party\>\> animarse; \<\<puppet/doll\>\> cobrar vida

b) ( vitality) vida f, vitalidad f

to inject new life into something — revitalizar* algo

to be the life o (esp BrE) the life and soul of the party — ser* el alma de la fiesta

3) u ( lifestyle) vida f

married life — la vida de casado

this is the life (for me)! — esto sí que es vida!

to live the life of Riley — darse* la gran vida, vivir a cuerpo de rey

4) u ( living things) vida f

animal/plant life — vida animal/vegetal

5) u ( duration - of battery) duración f, vida f; (- of agreement) vigencia f

6) u ( imprisonment) (colloq) cadena f perpetua

he got life — lo condenaron a cadena perpetua

7) u ( Art)

to paint/draw from life — pintar/dibujar del natural

8) c ( biography) vida f

English-spanish dictionary > life
19 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
20 close

I 1. [kləus] adverb
1) (near in time, place etc: He stood close to his mother; Follow close behind.) tæt; nær

2) (tightly; neatly: a close-fitting dress.) tæt
2. adjective
1) (near in relationship: a close friend.) nær

2) (having a narrow difference between winner and loser: a close contest; The result was close.) tæt

3) (thorough: a close examination of the facts; Keep a close watch on him.) nøje; omhyggelig

4) (tight: a close fit.) trang; tæt

5) (without fresh air: a close atmosphere; The weather was close and thundery.) indelukket; lummer

6) (mean: He's very close (with his money).) fedtet; smålig

7) (secretive: They're keeping very close about the business.) tæt

•

- closely
- closeness
- close call/shave
- close-set
- close-up
- close at hand
- close on
- close to II 1. [kləuz] verb
1) (to make or become shut, often by bringing together two parts so as to cover an opening: The baby closed his eyes; Close the door; The shops close on Sundays.) lukke

2) (to finish; to come or bring to an end: The meeting closed with everyone in agreement.) slutte; afslutte

3) (to complete or settle (a business deal).) afslutte
2. noun
(a stop, end or finish: the close of day; towards the close of the nineteenth century.) slutning

- close down
- close up
* * *
I 1. [kləus] adverb
1) (near in time, place etc: He stood close to his mother; Follow close behind.) tæt; nær

2) (tightly; neatly: a close-fitting dress.) tæt
2. adjective
1) (near in relationship: a close friend.) nær

2) (having a narrow difference between winner and loser: a close contest; The result was close.) tæt

3) (thorough: a close examination of the facts; Keep a close watch on him.) nøje; omhyggelig

4) (tight: a close fit.) trang; tæt

5) (without fresh air: a close atmosphere; The weather was close and thundery.) indelukket; lummer

6) (mean: He's very close (with his money).) fedtet; smålig

7) (secretive: They're keeping very close about the business.) tæt

•

- closely
- closeness
- close call/shave
- close-set
- close-up
- close at hand
- close on
- close to II 1. [kləuz] verb
1) (to make or become shut, often by bringing together two parts so as to cover an opening: The baby closed his eyes; Close the door; The shops close on Sundays.) lukke

2) (to finish; to come or bring to an end: The meeting closed with everyone in agreement.) slutte; afslutte

3) (to complete or settle (a business deal).) afslutte
2. noun
(a stop, end or finish: the close of day; towards the close of the nineteenth century.) slutning

- close down
- close up

English-Danish dictionary > close

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